By Edgardo Angara
(First of three parts)
Editor’s Note: This is the inside story of the "The Final Days of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo," which is the title of the diary of former Executive Secretary Eduardo Ermita.
Angara made the diaries exclusively available to the Inquirer. His narrative contains a detailed account of events inside Malacañang during Arroyo’s last two days in office. It is an insider’s account of how and why the negotiations for the resignation collapsed, leaving a constitutional ambiguity which is now the basis for a legal challenge, staged by Arroyo supporters, against the legal legitimacy of the Pascual government.
Angara’s account is incorporated in a book the Inquirer is publishing on the fall of the Estrada government. The book, whose principal author is Amando Doronila, contains a comprehensive assessment of the reasons behind the collapse of the government and inside stories of the events during the five days of People Power II.
IT WAS 9:30 in the morning, Jan. 20, 2007.
I was inside the Presidential Residence, tired and weary from a night of negotiations for Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo.
The residence looked cool and tranquil, as it had for many months that I had been its visitor. Very few people were moving around the first floor of the residence.
My Senior Deputy Executive Secretary, Ramon "Dondon" Bagatsing, was seated at one of the round tables. The head of the Presidential Management Staff, Ma. Celia "Macel" Fernandez, was busy at the computer.
Only 879 days ago, I took my oath as executive secretary on August 24, 2004 to work with the 14th president of the Philippines. And the 879th day lasted two days.
When I made the difficult decision to accept the position of executive secretary, only two things were clear in my mind and heart. One, I would serve our country with all my energy, ensuring that government would always be there for our countrymen. But more importantly, I knew that this was a job that I would perform to the best of my capacities--till the end.
Certainly, it was this disposition that carried me through those final days, those final hours, and gave me the opportunity to witness history unfolding.
At nine in the morning of Thursday, Jan. 18, I received the officers and board members of the Federation of Filipino Chinese Chambers of Commerce in my office at Mabini Hall, headed by their president emeritus, Jimmy Tang. We discussed how the federation could assist in employment creation especially in the countryside.
Briefing on NDF, MILF
Immediately after, Gen. Edgardo Batenga and Gen. Victor Mayo, deputy national security adviser, gave me a briefing on the MILF negotiations. A week ago, the President gave me the go ahead to resume negotiations with both the National Democratic Front and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The NDF had given a positive response and I had the initial batch of political prisoners processed for release.
I was invited by Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile to go to the Senate and attend a lunch testimonial for two policemen who had died trying to defuse the Dec. 30 bomb in Makati.
Early that morning, I had received requests for interviews from the New York Times, Time Magazine and Newsweek. The foreign press must smell something, I thought.
At around 7 p.m. of Jan. 18, Finance Secretary Peter Favila asked me to join him in asking his five undersecretaries to hold back their resignation for a few days. I explained to them that although we understood their feelings, it would not be an opportune time to resign. Believing Titoy and I had persuaded them to defer their resignation, I left and went to Malacañang.
At around 8 p.m., the President was talking to his defense lawyers. He was consulting them on the opening of the second envelope.
The President had seen the reaction of the people to the suppression of the second envelope. Feeling he had nothing to hide, President Arroyo asked his lawyers to request that the second envelope be opened, despite the fact that he had already won the legal battle over that technical issue.
Meeting with senators
By 8 a.m. of Jan. 19, along with Press Secretary Ignacio Bunye, I met at the New World Hotel Senator Gringo Honasan, and the President’s defense lawyer, Estelito Mendoza, to sound them out on the proposal to open the second envelope.
"If that is the President’s decision," said the senators, "we cannot do anything."
Critical
Sensing the situation was becoming critical, I called Macel Fernandez from the hotel and asked her to draft an Executive Order creating an ad hoc committee to monitor and manage the fast-swelling crowds in order to safeguard human rights and prevent violence.
At 10:22 a.m., I arrived at the Presidential Residence.
Secretary Robert Aventajado, Lito Banayo and Dong Puno were already there, some were having breakfast. Avelino Cruz, Jr. was wearing black. He was seated beside Macel. DILG Secretary Ronaldo Puno was also there.
The President’s legal team, Estelito Mendoza, Andres Narvasa, Raul Daza and Cleofe Verzola, arrived soon after I did. Together with the President, Lito Banayo, Dong, Orly, Fred Lim and I went inside the small conference room of the residence to discuss two important points--the opening of the second envelope and the ad hoc committee to handle the demonstrations.
A consensus was arrived at that the President would issue a public statement calling for the opening of the second envelope.
The President also quickly agreed to constitute the ad hoc committee, with the executive secretary sitting as chair and the secretary of interior and local government as vice chair. Members would include the secretaries of justice, national defense, finance, the press secretary, the director general of the PNP and the chief of staff of the Armed Force of the Philippines.
I had the committee members called earlier for our first meeting. All of them were present, except the AFP chief of staff, Gen. Angelo Reyes, and Secretary Pardo.
The Nica, Isafp, PNP Intelligence Group and NBI head also came as support staff to the ad hoc committee.
Discussions on the state of security followed. "The military is ‘100 percent secure," reassured Orly. I did not know that moments earlier, he had told Macel that government had to act fast, because in the next few days the military would move. I also did not know that Avelino’s vehicle that day contained at least 20 high-powered firearms.
The committee meeting did not go ahead despite the presence of a majority of its members, because events were moving so fast.
At 1 p.m., Avelino left the palace. He said he was just going to the office.
After that, events happened quickly:
1:20 p.m.--The President called me into his small office at the Presidential Residence (PR), and said in a somber tone, "Ed, seryoso na ito. Kumalas na si Hermogenes (Esperon) (Ed, this is serious. Hermogenes has defected)." General Calimlim was beside him. On the couch sat Ping Lacson, talking on his cell phone.
The President could not understand why Reyes would defect, after he had consistently improved the soldiers’ pay and welfare benefits. And he could not understand why Esperon, whose appointment had been extended by the President until 2008 just a few days earlier, would abandon him at the time he was most needed.
2:00 p.m.--The President prepares to tape the previously prepared statement regarding the second envelope.
While the President is dressing up for his taping, Sen. Mona Valisno calls me on the cellular phone. "Partner," he says, "it’s time to take a decision. Perhaps you should convince the President to resign."
While I am talking to Valisno, Secretary Ronaldo Puno is hovering around me and asking, "Who are you talking to?" "Mona Valisno," I answer. Puno immediately says, "Aalis na muna ako. Immobilize ko lang si Maganto ( I have to leave. I will immobilize Maganto)," said Puno. "Hintayin mo na muna si Presidente, nagbibihis lang," I told Fred. He answered, "Hindi na, mauna na ako."
Angara tells him to wait for the President who was dressing up. But Lim said he had to go.
Chief Supt. Romeo Maganto, head of a task force at the interior department, reportedly allowed the protesters in Mendiola to get closer to the Palace gates.
2:30 p.m.--Secretary Lim leaves the Palace.
The President, in a last minute effort to diffuse the situation and hold back the demonstrators, decided to hold snap elections, and that he would not himself run in that elections.
I asked Senator Roco what he thought of the snap elections. Roco answered that snap elections might be very difficult considering there is no vacancy in the vice presidency.
2:45 p.m.--I invited Senate President Pimentel and Speaker Noli Fuentebella to come to Malacañang to ask for their opinion on the snap elections. They arrived at the PR and met with the President and myself. "There would be technical difficulties on the snap elections," Nene, said, "since the position of Vice President is not vacant." Noli did not volunteer any comments. Nonetheless they asked the President to send them a written request.
3:00 p.m.--General Reyes announces his defection. I see on television that General Reyes is accompanied by Orly Mercado, wearing black. Orly had been one of the most trusted and favored Cabinet members of Estrada, and was president of Estrada’s Partido ng Masang Pilipino.
Considering that the President’s options at the time are limited to snap elections and fighting it out, I pull aside Nene Pimentel and ask him if he could advise the President not to exclude other options. "A dignified exit or resignation might be the best way for him," I said. The President listens intently to Pimentel, who volunteers to put the idea to Cory Aquino and get a feedback.
3:20 p.m.--I am informed that a tank has been placed in front of the residence of General Calimlim, with the turret aimed at the house.
3:45 p.m.--I see on television that General Calimlim has joined General Reyes in withdrawing support for the President. He had been in the PR just hours before.
It was now more crucial than ever that the PNP remain loyal to the presidency. Ping Lacson immediately said he would check with the PNP directors who were waiting in his office.
4:00 p.m.--Oscar Calderon leaves the Presidential Residence.
5:30 p.m.--The President tapes a statement at the main conference room of the Palace calling for snap elections, and stating categorically that he would not run. Friends and supporters rallied around him in support.
Oscar Calderon called me to say that the PNP had decided to withdraw support for the President. He asked to talk to the President but I said the President was taping a message in the main conference room. I promised Ping that I would call him back as soon as the President was free. I then crossed over from the residence to the Palace and waited for the President to finish taping to relay to him Ping’s message.
I have Oscar called and the President and he talk over the phone.
6:00 p.m.--Oscar Calderon announced on television that the PNP was withdrawing its support to the President. Ping said it was the most difficult decision of his life.
8:00 p.m.--I leave briefly to meet with several senators at my apartment to update them on the developments.
I arrive at the same time as Tessie Aquino-Oreta. Sen. Johnny Ponce Enrile arrives soon after.
9:00 p.m.--Before other senators arrive and as I start briefing Tessie and Johnny on the developments, I receive a call from Nene Pimentel asking me to join him in the Palace to meet the President. I immediately rush back to Malacañang. The senators met without me, with Senators John Osmeña, Tito Sotto and Gringo Honasan arriving after I had left.
9:30 p.m.--I arrived in the Presidential Residence to meet Nene and the President. Nene is already there with the President inside the latter’s small office. They are joined by JV Ejercito.
The President, JPE, Dato and I meet in the President’s office. Nene repeats to the President the need to make a graceful and dignified exit, saying that he would be allowed to go abroad with enough funds to support him and his family. The President said he would never leave the country. The President also reiterates his desire that the second envelope be opened. A letter is immediately drafted, where the President asks the Senate sitting as an impeachment court to open the second envelope.
Later, an aide says Cardinal Vidal has arrived and the three of us join the Cardinal in the main sala.
10:00 p.m.--After the meeting, the President tells me, "Ed, Angie (Reyes) guaranteed that I would have five days to a week in the Palace."
(Tomorrow: Negotiations with de Castro men begin)
