HOUSE SPEAKER GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO GIVES CRYPTIC COMMENT ABOUT ABS-CBN’S FRANCHISE RENEWAL

• House Speaker Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo gave a cryptic comment about the fate of the franchise of ABS-CBN Corp.
• House Bill No. 4349, which seeks to renew the network’s franchise has been pending and will have to be refiled in the next Congress
• However, President Rodrigo Duterte may oppose the franchise renewal of ABS-CBN in Congress

Former President and outgoing House Speaker Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo only gave a cryptic comment about the fate of the franchise of broadcasting giant ABS-CBN Corp. which will expire in March 2020.

“I have no comment. Congress is finished. Our sessions are over,” Arroyo said in an ambush interview following the unveiling of the “No. 1” sculpture outside of the Legislative Library, Archives and Museum Building at the House of Representatives on June 13.

House Bill No. 4349, which seeks to renew the radio-television network’s franchise for another 25 years, has been pending with the committee on legislative franchises since November 16, 2016. It was filed on November 10 of the same year by Nueva Ecija 2nd District Rep. Micaela Violago and by former Davao City Congressman and now Cabinet Sec. Karlo Alexei Nograles under House Bill No. 8163.

Pending bills will have to be refiled at the next Congress, which will be on July 22, 2019.

Surigao del Sur Rep. Johnny Pimentel, who is a member of the House Committee on Legislative Franchises, said Congress has no intention of freezing any franchise application.

“What happened was that deliberations on the franchise were not completed until adjournment of the 17th Congress, so it has to be filed again in the 18th Congress,” he added.

A legislative franchise committee member, however, revealed that no actions have been made to renew ABS-CBN franchise since President Rodrigo Duterte has complaints against the station.

“They have to thresh out and resolve their issues with the President. That’s the key to get the bill moving,” the anonymous lawmaker said.

Duterte has said on many occasions that he will oppose the franchise renewal of ABS-CBN in Congress.

Duterte has slammed ABS-CBN for allegedly refusing to run his paid advertisement during the 2016 election campaign and showing instead an ad critical of him paid for by his staunch critic, Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV.

Duterte said in November 2018 that he will likely not sign a bill renewing ABS-CBN’s broadcast franchise.

“ABS-CBN’s franchise has been there for 25 years. The law said it’s okay, only if you adhere to journalistic standards. What did you do to us? Estafa, swindling, not only me, but Chiz Escudero, many of us. Son of a bitch, you collected outright then you commit estafa,” Duterte said.

ABS-CBN’s competitor GMA Network Inc.’s franchise, however, was renewed as Duterte signed Republic Act No. 10925 into law in April 2017.

https://www.lionheartv.net/2019/06/house-speaker-gloria-macapagal-arroyo-gives-cryptic-comment-about-abs-cbns-franchise-renewal/

CHR concerned on reported ‘freezing’ of ABS-CBN’s franchise bill

The Commission on Human Rights expressed deep concern on the reported move of the House of Representatives to “freeze” the bill that seeks to renew the legislative franchise of media and entertainment giant ABS-CBN Corp.

In a statement Friday, CHR spokesperson Jacqueline De Guia said the services provided by the Lopez-owned broadcasting firm are “beyond the whims of politics.”

“If the network has committed any violation, it must be tackled through due process,” De Guia said.

She added: “Non-renewal can be tantamount to shutting down the network. If an entire media giant would be toppled down due to a political caprice, it could signal the beginning of a bleaker state of press freedom in the country and a catapult to the wave of previous assaults to media.”

The STAR reported that House Bill 4349, which proposes to extend the Lopez-owned broadcasting firm’s franchise by another 25 years, had been pending at the committee level since November 2016. The franchise of ABS-CBN expires on March 30, 2020.

The STAR added the House Committee on Legislative Franchises did not submit a report on the franchise bill before the 17th Congress adjourned its third and last session.

ABS-CBN said Thursday it cannot comment on speculations surrounding the bill.

In August last year, President Rodrigo Duterte said he was personally against the renewal of ABS-CBN’s franchise as he accused the media company of swindling him.

In 2017, Duterte slammed ABS-CBN and newspaper The Philippine Daily Inquirer for their supposed “unfair” and “slanted” reporting of his administration.

https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/06/14/1926407/chr-concerned-reported-freezing-abs-cbns-franchise-bill

Full migration to digital TV doable by 2023, says DICT

The Philippines is on track with its full migration to digital television, Information and Communications Technology Acting Secretary Eliseo Rio said.

Rio is satisfied with the progress he is seeing so far from all stakeholders involved.

“So far there are no major complaints or anyone saying that it is not doable. So we are really on track. Now, almost all the television sets in the market are digital-ready,” Rio said.

Rio admitted the country’s digital shift is behind most countries, mostly due to its late start and the lack of availability of digital-ready TV sets in the past.

According to the DICT chief, broadcast stations are also embarking on their respective initiatives to comply with the full migration plan by 2023.

ABS-CBN Corp. is so far one step ahead of the competition with its continuing digital transformation initiatives.

As of February, the company sold seven million ABS-CBN TVplus units since its launch in 2015.

It also unveiled early this month a mobile version of ABS-CBN TVplus in the form of a dongle, called the ABS-CBN TVplus Go, which allows Filipinos on-the-go to watch shows available on networks broadcasting in digital anytime and anywhere.

GMA Network, for its part, signed last January a technology, content, and distribution agreement with PLDT and Smart Communications which will involve the launch of game-changing innovations that will power the TV network’s digital transformation.

GMA plans to launch its own digital device in the second half.

The affordable and compact end-user device called MyGMA Go  can act as a digital TV receiver when connected to an Android smartphone.

Complimentary to this device is a mobile application that can be downloaded from the Google Play Store where users can watch GMA’s exclusive channels and other free-to-air channels without a need for an active internet connection.

The DICT launched in 2017 its digital terrestrial television broadcasting migration plan which aims to have 95 percent of the country’s households switch to digital television by 2023.

By 2023, the analog system would be switched off completely and would be replaced by digital television transmission.

https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/06/14/1926140/full-migration-digital-tv-doable-2023-says-dict

GMA News anchor Mike Enriquez asked about ABS-CBN franchise renewal woes

Hindi maiwasang tanungin ang GMA-7 broadcast journalist na si Mike Enriquez tungkol sa isyung namimiligrong hindi ma-renew ang franchise for broadcast ng kanilang rival network, ang ABS-CBN.

Kaugnay ito ng balitang inupuan ng Kongreso ang House Bill 4349 na naglalayong muling mabigyan ng prangkisa ang broadcast giant sa susunod na 20 taon.

"Ehhh! No comment!" bulalas ni Mike nang tanungin hinggil sa isyu.

"Hindi naman kami ang nagbibigay ng franchise, Kongreso!"

Humarap si Mike at iba pang batikang broadcast journalists ng GMA-7 sa presscon ng Dobol B Sa News TV, Huwebes ng hapon, June 13, sa 17th Floor ng GMA Network Center sa Quezon City.

Sabay tinawag ni Mike ang nakatokang GMA-7 news reporter sa Kongreso na si Divine Reyes.

"Nasaan si Divine? Eto yung reporter namin sa Congress, si Divine.

"Divine, ano ba nangyari? Inupuan yung franchise? Naka-operate tayo, e.

"Serious, update mo nga kami."

Paliwanag ni Divine tungkol sa House Bill 4349: "Kailangan pong i-refile kasi nagsara na po yung 17th Congress. So ire-refile siya sa 18th po." 

Ang session para sa 18th Congress ay magbubukas sa July 22, 2019.

Sa March 2020 nakatakdang mag-expire ang prangkisa ng ABS-CBN. 

Dagdag na paliwanag ni Mike, "Yung Congress, hindi inaksiyunan yung franchise.

"That means kailangan i-refile yun. Yun ang sistema."

Pero giit ni Mike, wala siyang personal na komento hinggil dito. 

"Hindi ba, meron turo sa atin na huwag tayong magbunyi sa kamalasan o sa kasamaang-palad ng iba?"

Nagtanong pa si Mike sa katabing broadcast journalists sa presidential table ng presscon kung ano ang eksaktong "salawikain" sa Ingles na nagsasabing hindi dapat "mag-rejoice" sa "misfortune" ng ibang tao. 

"So, ayaw naming magkuwan," saad ni Mike kung bakit umiiwas siya sa isyu.

Bago pa naungkat ang tungkol sa franchise renewal ng ABS-CBN, una nang sinabi ni Mike kung bakit hindi siya nakikialam kapag nasasangkot sa kontrobersiya ang kapwa niya media practitioners.

"Kami as practicioners, meron kaming patakaran nung araw, na kapag merong kontrobersiya na parang sumusulpot na, hindi pa talaga sumasabog, e, huwag naman sasagutin sa himpapawid...

"Marami pang ibang problema na dapat pagtuunan ng pansin, e—kahirapan, korupsyon, gutom, edukasyon, pabahay, pagpapagamot.

"Sayang ang oras."

https://www.pep.ph/news/143877/gma-news-anchor-mike-enriquez-abs-cbn-franchise-renewal-woes-a716-20190613

Ridon: Congress can’t freeze ABS-CBN’s franchise

By JOHN CARLO M. CAHINHINAN

Former Presidential Commission on Urban Poor chair Terry Ridon clarified there was no such thing as freezing a franchise of a television network.

Ridon’s statement came as a reaction to a newspaper report that the House of Representatives has frozen the renewal of the congressional franchise of network giant ABS-CBN.

Ridon, a former Kabataan Party-list congressman and member of the House Committee on Legislative Franchises during the 16th Congress, explained that the Lower House can’t just freeze an existing franchise of a media entity. He said lawmakers simply did not act on the franchise renewal application of the Kapamilya network.

“In simple terms, Congress simply did not act on the franchise renewal bill during the 17th Congress, especially with only a few weeks to go until the present term of office ends,” said Ridon.

ABS-CBN’s franchise renewal bills were filed by Nueva Ecija Rep. Violago under House Bill No. 4349 and by former Davao City Congressman and now Cabinet Sec. Karlo Alexei Nograles under House Bill No. 8163.

Article 12 Section 11 of the 1987 Constitution states that “Neither shall any such franchise or right be granted except under the condition that it shall be subject to amendment, alteration, or repeal by the Congress when the common good so requires.”

Under the present charter, the application for franchise is done through a normal legislative process in both the Lower House and Senate and is still need to be signed by the President after its Congressional approval.

The former PCUP chair said the news item “diminishes Congress as a supposedly separate and independent institution from the President, particularly on matters relating to legislative franchises which is constitutionally determined as the province of the legislature.”

“If the ABS-CBN franchise ends without renewal on March 30, 2020, it should not be because of the reasons stated by the anonymous source in the article,” said Ridon.

President Rodrigo Duterte on many occasions vowed that he will oppose the franchise renewal of ABS-CBN in Congress.

Ridon, who is a currently hosting Haybol Pinoy on DZMM, said the franchise renewal bill can be re-filed again this coming 18th Congress.

https://politics.com.ph/ridon-congress-cant-freeze-abs-cbns-franchise

12-ha. cyberpark, biz district soon to rise in Bulacan

CITY OF MALOLOS, Bulacan -- A 12-hectare business district, which is seen to provide job opportunities not only to Bulakenyos but also to residents from nearby provinces, will soon rise in this city.

Senator Cynthia Villar, together with Governor Wilhelmino Sy-Alvarado and Vice Gov. Daniel Fernando and Robinsons Land Corporation (RLC) president and chief executive officer Frederick Go, led Wednesday the groundbreaking ceremony for the start of the construction of the Bulacan Cyberpark and Business District Project.

The soon-to-rise business district, which is located in Barangay Bulihan this city, will have deluxe hotels, convention center, shopping malls, and business process outsourcing (BPO) buildings.

In her message, Villar congratulated the provincial government of Bulacan and RLC for the project that will be beneficial to Bulakenyo businesses and entrepreneurs.

"Ninety-five percent of all the businesses in the Philippines are micro and small enterprises providing 65 percent of employment in the Philippines, and this is the key to getting Filipinos out of poverty. So we need to encourage more people to venture into businesses," the senator said.

Alvarado, for his part, expressed his elation over the realization of his dream for the province of Bulacan that he believed will be continued by Governor-elect Fernando.

"This is the beginning of freedom from poverty. This project will be beneficial especially to our poor people," the governor said.

Meanwhile, Go said he is grateful to be a partner of the province of Bulacan in a world-class and mixed-use development that will be put up in the province.

"The BPO buildings will attract American, international business process outsourcing companies such as call centers, transcription companies, and third-party BPOs that will provide thousands of jobs to the people of Bulacan. If I say, these are not ordinary jobs because the jobs the BPO industry provide are high paying jobs. These are the kind of jobs that help our people create more skills," Go said.

Also witnessing the event were 1st District Rep. Jose Antonio R. Sy-Alvarado and 3rd District Rep. Lorna Silverio,

Implemented under the Bulacan Public Private Partnership Code through Provincial Ordinance No. 18-2015 and its corresponding implementing rules and regulations, the project is one of the program initiatives under the Bulacan Program for Rapid Industrialization and Development (PRIDE) -- an economic program of the province that envisions to transform Bulacan into an engine of economic growth. (PNA)

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1072228

Top celebs attend Equality Ball

Some of the country’s most recognizable personalities from the field of show business, pageantry, and fashion attended the MEGA Equality Ball last night.

Among them were actress Heart Evangelista with her husband, newly-elect Sorsogon Governor Chiz Escudero; singer Aicelle Santos with fiance, GMA News reporter Mark Zambrano; singing couple Ogie Alcasid and Regine Velasquez; reel and real-life partner James Reid and Nadine Lustre; newlyweds Billy Crawford and Coleen Garcia; and rumored boyfriend-girlfriend Jake Cuenca and Miss International 2016 Kylie Verzosa.

Other beauty queens who graced the event were Miss Universe 2018 Catriona Gray, Miss World Philippines 2017 Laura Lehmann, and Miss Intercontinental Philippines 2017-turned-Miss World Philippines 2018 Katarina Rodriguez.

Here’s more: Ruffa Gutierrez, Vice Ganda, Lovi Poe, and Tim Yap.

The event was timed for Philippine Independence Day. The theme was “pride and equality.”

“Regardless of gender, race, status, and beliefs — we are all equal. True freedom is about equality,” MEGA wrote on their Instagram account.

The #NewPH trophies honoring trailblazers were also given out.

Among winners are beauty queens Catriona and Kylie; fashion designers Francis Libiran, Carlyle Nuera, and Fanco Laurel; actresses Lov and Aicelle; LGBTQIA+ superstars Paulo Castro and Peabo Orilla of Nectar; Angkas founder Angeline Tham and husband George Royeca; She Talks Asia’s Iza Calzado and Vicky Herrera; and singers Careless Music Manila.

https://entertainment.mb.com.ph/2019/06/13/top-celebs-attend-equality-ball/

ABS-CBN: We can't comment on speculations about franchise renewal

Media and entertainment giant ABS-CBN Corp. said Thursday it cannot comment on speculations surrounding the bill that seeks to renew the company’s legislative franchise that the 17th Congress did not pass before adjourning.

ABS-CBN issued the statement to “clarify” a report by The STAR that the House of Representatives “has frozen” the Lopez-owned broadcasting firm’s franchise bill.

"ABS-CBN is unable to clarify or comment on the article as it is neither the source of the said news article nor is it privy to any claims expressed therein," the company told the Philippine Stock Exchange.

Shares in ABS-CBN fell 4.33% or 80 centavos to close at P17.66 apiece on Thursday, the lowest in 10 years.

ABS-CBN’s franchise expires in 2020.

House Bill 4349, which proposes to extend the media giant’s franchise by another 25 years, had been pending at the committee level since November 2016, The STAR reported on Wednesday.

The STAR added that the House Committee on Legislative Franchises did not submit a report on the franchise bill before the 17th Congress adjourned its third and last regular session on Tuesday.

Pending bills will have to be refiled in the next Congress.

In August last year, President Rodrigo Duterte said he was personally against the renewal of ABS-CBN’s franchise as he accused the media company of swindling him.

Duterte first expressed his opposition to the renewal of ABS-CBN’s franchise on April 27, 2017, which came days after he signed a law extending the franchise of GMA Network Inc. — ABS-CBN’s rival.

In 2017, Duterte hit ABS-CBN and newspaper The Philippine Daily Inquirer for their supposed “unfair” and “slanted” reporting of his administration, adding that “corrupt” media “ails the Philippine society.”

Congress, or the legislature, is a separate branch of government from the Executive branch. — Ian Nicolas Cigaral

https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/06/13/1926117/abs-cbn-we-cant-comment-speculations-about-franchise-renewal

Arroyo on ABS-CBN franchise: ‘Our sessions are over’

“Our sessions are over.”

That was what Speaker Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo said on Thursday when asked about the franchise renewal of ABS-CBN Corp., which will expire on March 2020.

During nine years as president when she assumed the presidency from embattled Joseph Estrada, the channel airs the daily morning shows "Alas Singko Y Medya", "Magandang Umaga Bayan", "Magandang Umaga Pilipinas" and currently "Umagang Kay Ganda", the noontime show "Magandang Tanghali Bayan" and controversial "Wowowee," the drama series "Recuerdo de Amor," "Pangako Sa'yo," "Sa Dulo ng Walang Hanggan," "Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay," "Bituin," "Darating ang Umaga," "Basta't Kasama Kita," "Sana'y Wala Nang Wakas," "It Might Be You," "Marina," "Hiram," "Krystala," "Spirits," "Till Death Do Us Part," "Mga Anghel na Walang Langit," "Vietnam Rose," "Gulong ng Palad," "Sa Piling Mo," "Ang Panday," "Bituin Walang Ningning," "Crazy for You", "Sana Maulit Muli", "Maria Flordeluna", "

“The [17th] Congress is finished,” the outgoing Pampanga 2nd District representative also said in an interview after the unveiling of the 10-foot steel sculpture dubbed “No. 1” in front of the library, archives, and museum building of the House.

House Bill No. 4349, which seeks to renew the radio-television network’s franchise for another 25 years, has been pending at the committee on legislative franchises since November 16, 2016. It was filed on November 10 of the same year by Nueva Ecija 2nd District Rep. Micaela Violago.

“In acknowledgment of ABS-CBN’s accomplishments… the immediate renewal of its original franchise which expires on March 30, 2020, is recommended to ensure the uninterrupted and improved delivery of its services to the Filipino people,” Violago said in her bill, which was also filed by former congressman Georgidi Aggabao in the 16th Congress.

The committee did not act on the measure until the 17th Congress adjourned sine die last week.

Therefore, the franchise bill needs to be refiled when the 18th Congress opens on July 22.

President Rodrigo Duterte had repeatedly launched threats against media outfits critical of his administration like the Lopez-owned ABS-CBN, the broadsheet Philippine Daily Inquirer, and online news site Rappler.

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1130011/arroyo-on-abs-cbn-franchise-our-sessions-are-over

House of Representatives freezes ABS-CBN franchise renewal

Namimiligrong hindi ma-renew ang franchise for broadcast ng ABS-CBN.

Ito ay matapos upuan ng Mababang Kapulungan ng Kongreso ang House Bill 4349 na naglalayong muling mabigyan ng prangkisa ang broadcast giant sa susunod na 20 taon.

Nakatakdang mag-expire ang license to broadcast ng ABS-CBN Corporation sa Marso 30, 2020 o siyam na buwan mula ngayon.

Ayon sa ulat ng PhilStar Online ngayong Miyerkules, June 12, hindi inaksiyunan ng Committee on Legislative Franchises ang bill na naipasa pa noong November 2016 na naglalayong ipalawig ang prangkisa ng ABS-CBN hanggang sa mag-adjourn ang huling session ng 17th Congress noong June 5.

Nangangahulugang kailangang muling i-refile ang nasabing batas sa 18th Congress upang maaksiyunan ito.

Magsisimula sa July 22 ang 18th Congress.

Ayon pa sa isang source ng ulat, hindi raw aaksiyunan ng committee ang anumang panukalang batas na may kaugnayan sa franchise renewal ng ABS-CBN hanggang hindi naaayos ang reklamo ni Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte laban sa istasyon.

Saad sa report, "They have to thresh out and resolve their issues with the President.

"That's the key to get the bill moving."

Hayagang sinabi ng Pangulo sa ilan sa kanyang mga talumpati na haharangin niya ang franchise renewal ng ABS-CBN dahil ginantso diumano siya ng network noong 2016 presidential elections.

Hindi raw kasi inere ng network ang kanyang political ad kahit bayad na ito.

Hanggang ngayon ay hindi pa tumutugon ang ABS-CBN sa alegasyong ito ni Duterte.

Ang rival network ng ABS-CBN na GMA Network ay noon pang April 2017 naaprubahan ang franchise renewal na tatagal sa susunod na 25 taon.

https://www.pep.ph/news/143850/house-of-representatives-freezes-abs-cbn-franchise-renewal-a718-20190612

ABS-CBN nanganganib: Renewal ng prangkisa binakuran sa Kongreso

Siyam na buwan na lang epektibo ang prangkisa ng ABS-CBN network, kapag hindi nakapag-renew ay posibleng mawala sa himpapawid kapag nag-expire ang franchise sa March 30, 2020.

At ayon sa report ng Philippine Star, nabakante sa 17th Congress ang bill ng pagre-renew ng franchise ng TV network, kakailanganin ulit mag-file ng bill para sa susunod 18th Congress para muling matalakay ang isyu.

Matatandaan na sinabi ni Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte noong nakaraang taon na kanyang sasaraduhan ang pagpasa ng renewal ng ABS-CBN dahil aniya ay ‘magnanakaw’ umano ang TV network.

“Hindi ko palusutin. Iyong franchise niyo matatapos. But let me ask you questions first. Kasi ako talaga mag-object na ma-renew kayo. Alam mo bakit? Magnanakaw kayo, estapador,” ayon kay Duterte.

Ang ibang malaking TV network naman ay nakakuha ng 25-year franchise renewal noon lamang Abril 2017.

Sa ngayon, mapapansin na pinalalakas ng ABS-CBN ang kanilang online platform at nagkakaroon din ng kasunduan sa mga ibang production at TV network sa ibang bansa para sa kanilang mga content.

http://tnt.abante.com.ph/191418-2/

Coming soon: ABS-CBN movies to air in China

ABS-CBN Corp. said its locally produced movies will soon hit TV screens in China, as it inked a deal with a Chinese media company to allow the airing of its content in the country.

In a statement Tuesday, the Lopez-led media giant said it entered an agreement with Phoenix Satellite Television Co. Ltd. which would allow Phoenix Movie Channel to air 16 local films starting September.

“Hit Filipino movies from ABS-CBN will soon make its way to China for the first time via Phoenix Movie Channel, after the network successfully inked a milestone deal with Phoenix Satellite Television, a leading entertainment group that aims to provide Chinese everywhere with high quality content,” it said.

In its website, Phoenix Satellite Television said it operates several channels across the world, namely the Phoenix Chinese Channel, the Phoenix InfoNews Channel, the Phoenix Chinese News and Entertainment Channel, the Phoenix American Channel, the Phoenix Movie Channel and the Phoenix Hong Kong Channel.

Among the films covered by the company’s deal with ABS-CBN are Barcelona: A Love Untold, Four Sisters and a Wedding, My Ex and Whys and Can’t Help Falling In Love.

It also includes titles such as You’re My Boss, Everything About Her, Love You To The Stars and Back and Always Be My Maybe.

First Love, Kasal, Hihintayin Kita sa Langit and The Achy Breaky Hearts are also part of the agreement.

“…ABS-CBN International Distribution commits to add to its first line-up of high-caliber programs and movies with cast and storylines that appeal to various cultures,” it said.

Last year, the company also signed deals with Viet Content from Vietnam, S&E Syndication Co. Ltd. from Myanmar and JKN Global Media Public Co. Ltd. from Thailand and Laos for the syndication of its shows.

The listed firm posted an 89.2% increase in attributable net income to P856.35 million during the first quarter, driven by a 24.4% increase in advertising revenues at P5.4 billion. — Denise A. Valdez

https://www.bworldonline.com/coming-soon-abs-cbn-movies-to-air-in-china/

House freezes ABS-CBN franchise, firm takes movies to China market

The House of Representatives has frozen the bill, which seeks to renew the legislative franchise of broadcasting giant ABS-CBN Corp. The franchise expires in nine months or on March 30, 2020.

Without a franchise renewal, the radio-television network may have to close shop.

There are speculations that the  Lopez-owned broadcasting firm is strengthening its online service in preparation for that possibility.

The Committee on Legislative Franchises, where House Bill 4349 bill had been pending since November 2016, did not submit a report on it before the outgoing 17th Congress adjourned its third and last regular session yesterday.

This means that the renewal measure would have to be re-filed in the 18th Congress, which convenes on July 22.

A key member of the legislative franchises committee said no action on any bill seeking to renew the ABS-CBN franchise would be taken as long as President Duterte has complaints against the network.

“They have to thresh out and resolve their issues with the President. That’s the key to get the bill moving,” said the lawmaker, who did not want to be named.

Duterte has repeatedly criticized ABS-CBN for allegedly refusing to run his advertisement during the 2016 election campaign and showing instead an ad critical of him which his staunch critic, Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV, paid for.

In November last year, he said he would object to the station’s franchise renewal.

The President has criticized not only the Lopez network, but also other media organizations critical of him as well.

House Bill 4349 was filed by Nueva Ecija Rep. Micaela Violago on November 10, 2016.

Violago urged the House to approve the measure “in acknowledgement of ABS-CBN’s accomplishments…and to ensure the uninterrupted and improved delivery of its services to the Filipino people.”

Unlike ABS-CBN, the legislative franchises of its rivals have already been renewed.

Meanwhile, Filipino movies produced by ABS-CBN will be shown in China for the first time via Phoenix Movie Channel.

ABS-CBN signed a milestone deal with Phoenix Television, an entertainment group that offers channels with Mandarin and Cantonese-language content.

Under the agreement, a total of 16 Star Cinema titles will premiere starting September on the Phoenix Movie Channel, including some of its popular drama and romantic-comedy movies.

The company announced in April its entry in Turkey after signing a deal with content production company Limon Yapim for the adaptation of one of its crime suspense drama shows.

In March, Indonesian television network MNCTV began airing its own version of ABS-CBN’s noontime show “It’s Showtime.”

The deal is ABS-CBN’s first non-narrative format franchise buy by a foreign company and solidifies its position as a reliable content provider in the international arena.

ABS-CBN programs are currently present in over 50 territories all over the world, selling over 50,000 hours of content worldwide. – With Richmond Mercurio

https://www.philstar.com/business/2019/06/12/1925627/house-freezes-abs-cbn-franchise-firm-takes-movies-china-market

EDITORYAL - ‘Lupang Hinirang’

Ang multa sa mga nagpapalit ng tono sa “Lupang Hinirang” ay P5,000 hanggang P20,000 lamang.

Napapanahon ang pagpapasa ng batas na ito sapagkat marami na sa mga kabataan ngayon ang hindi na pinahahalagahan ang Pambansang Awit. Marami ang hindi kabisado o memoryado ang “Lupang Hinirang” at basta sumusunod na lamang sa agos kapag kinakanta. Wala na ring epekto sa kanila ang pagkanta nito na para bang karaniwan lang at hindi na pinahahalagahan. Tiyak na kung may magbibigay ng exam at ipasusulat o ipakakanta ang “Lupang Hinirang” marami ang hindi makakapasa.

Isang paraan kung paano tatangkilikin o mamahalin ang “Lupang Hinirang” ay sa pamamagitan ng pagbabalik nang araw-araw na flag ceremony sa mga paaralan at opisina. Sa kasalukuyan, tuwing Lunes na lang ginagawa ang flag ceremony at saka uulitin ng Biyernes, kung kailan ibababa ang watawat.

Kung araw-araw na kakantahin sa umaga ang “Lupang Hinirang”, tiyak na makakabisado ito ng mga mag-aaral. Napapanahon na para ibalik ang da­ting nakaugalian nang pag-awit sa “Lupang Hinirang” para naman hindi mawala ang pagmamahal sa bansa. Malaki ang naidudulot nang sama-samang pagkanta sa Pambansang Awit. Naisasapuso at nadarama ang labis na pagkamakabayan.

SAMAR PROVINCIAL SANGGUNIAN APPROVES RESOLUTION IN SUPPORT TO AN ACT CREATING NORTHWEST SAMAR PROVINCE

CATBALOGAN CITY - The Sangguniang Panlalawigan of Samar, in its regular session today, June 11, 2019, passed and approved a Resolution expressing support to House Bill No. 8824 passed in Congress by Samar's First District Representative Edgar Mary Sarmiento.

House Bill No. 8824 is "An Act Creating the province of Northwestern Samar."

Authored by SP Member Julius Mancol, the Resolution gathered favorable votes from five SP Members as against four not favoring its approval.

The 4 incumbent SP Members of Samar's first district (SP Members Julius Mancol, Regina Rabuya, Mike Ayong & Alfredo Serrano) and one from the second district (SP Member Alma Uy) succeeded in resolving support to the creation of another province inclusive of one city and the municipalities of Samar's first congressional district.

https://www.facebook.com/calbayogjournal.news/posts/2244726145646319?__xts__%5B0%5D=68.ARArlnBl3AD5IFq7MU2m5MYTSkJuobA8H1nr_V5gKKvxoaURcK7FkgRcyUSrRWZ65mliso_9Apyq46YGynAfFKnscQAV2qAzvsQIZWhExznhxYZBvXhrGy3QyOsik5NqLc9e7DPRP-3VqWmakftSEQu_HUxAuduIpvQjT7JeOWFX9O97kVl8yk5YdQ79En3kYIkDa7f-QMUaQeCDDEp5Fp33waVxcBfAHIFx0opqJ3vEaxcbxkL8L1MujffeHXSIJg73PhoWdUPsKSGbs7RaQvc0K_Z7mFP0wg6BLUrPs4iSnXE5Rm_yU8r3ymzjvOmEJjArZ22UGS10q6tKx4Bb7taIQw&__tn__=-R

Lopez-led ABS-CBN goes into theater production

ABS-CBN Corp. is stepping into the theater scene with a recently signed partnership with Ten Bridges Media Corp., one of the companies behind Atlantis Theatrical Entertainment Group.

In a statement Monday, the Lopez-led media giant said the team-up with Ten Bridges Media involves the co-production of three Broadway musicals this year, the first of which was launched in March.

“ABS-CBN’s venture into theater production, a first for a media and entertainment company, is among the company’s efforts in expanding its experience business. It is another step forward in creating new possibilities for local theater, which has grown tremendously over the past few years, with its abundance of talent and opportunities locally,” ABS-CBN Head of Integrated Events Bobby Barreiro said in the statement.

The first ABS-CBN co-produced musical, Angels In America: Millennium Approaches, was staged in March. The second, Beautiful: The Carole King Musical, will start its run on Friday.

The last musical covered by the partnership is Sweeney Todd, which will star Tony Award winner Lea Salonga. The show is scheduled to debut in October.

Quoting Atlantis Artistic Director Bobby Garcia, ABS-CBN said the partnership will “create a greater awareness for the Philippine theatre scene and for the wondrous world class talent we have in our country on stage and off.”

ABS-CBN has been diversifying its business outside broadcast television to enter the cosmetics, financial technology and food industries, with investments in Ever Bilena Cosmetics, Inc.; iBayad Online Ventures and The Chosen Bun, Inc. It earlier said the end goal of the company is to improve how it is “selling experiences.”

The listed firm saw its attributable net income rise 89.2% to P856.35 million in the first quarter, driven by a 24.4% increase in advertising revenues at P5.4 billion. — Denise A. Valdez

https://www.bworldonline.com/lopez-led-abs-cbn-goes-into-theater-production/

ABS-CBN inks theater-production deal

Seen as a fallback measure, Lopez-led ABS-CBN seeks to make a mark in the country’s theater space after it inked a deal with Ten Bridges Media Corp./ Atlantis Theatrical for the production of three Broadway shows.

The partnership, announced only on Monday, already began in March with the staging of “Angels in America: Millenium Approaches.”

“ABS-CBN’s venture into theater production, a first for a media and entertainment company, is among the company’s efforts in expanding its experience business. It is another step forward in creating new possibilities for local theater, which has grown tremendously over the past few years, with its abundance of talent and opportunities locally,” Bobby Barreiro, ABS-CBN head of integrated events, was quoted as saying in a statement.

The second production would be “Beautiful: The Carole King Musical,” which will open on June 14.

The last production would be the Stephen Sondheim-Hugh Wheeler masterpiece “Sweeney Todd,” which will feature Tony Award winner Lea Salonga and rock icon Jett Pangan.

In April, the broadcast giant said its shareholders provided the go-signal to pursue its deals with cosmetics brand Ever Bilena Cosmetics Inc. (EBCI), information and technology firm iBayad Online Ventures, and The Chosen Bun Inc.

Japhet Louis Tantiangco, research analyst at Philstocks Financial Inc., told The Manila Times earlier these moves could “serve as a cushion” once it failed to secure franchise renewal.

“Now these investments could serve as a backup in case of a franchise lapse. But at the same time broadcasting has been the primary business of ABS-CBN plus it could help its investments through televising. So I think the firm is still going to do everything it can to renew its franchise,” he said in a mobile message.

President Rodrigo Duterte said in November he would “object” to the renewal of the network’s franchise, which is set to expire next year, amid allegations that ABS-CBN aired a political advertisement against him, without even showing Duterte’s paid campaign ad.

https://www.manilatimes.net/abs-cbn-inks-theater-production-deal/567540/

New Leyte capitol to rise outside Tacloban

TACLOBAN CITY -- Leyte Governor Leopoldo Dominico Petilla confirmed on Friday the plan to relocate the provincial government to nearby Palo town after it was abandoned last month due to cracks sustained after the magnitude 6.5 earthquake last April 23.

“Imagine what the building had gone through in the past 100 years. The Japanese forces bombarded the building during World War II. It was hit by storm surges when Super Typhoon Yolanda struck in 2013. Several earthquakes also shook the building. Even if retrofitting is done, no one could guarantee if the building is really safe for occupancy,” Petilla said.

The historic structure is planned to be converted into a museum.

Petilla said the new Provincial Capitol will rise along the new Palo West Bypass Road in Palo town, 13 km. from Tacloban. Several regional offices of national government agencies are also located in Palo.

The governor is eyeing to complete the construction of the new building within three years.

“We will find ways to finance the construction of the new capitol not from our internal revenue allotment share. The provincial engineer has yet to come up with the budget required to construct the building,” Petilla added.

Since the third week of May, departments of the provincial government have been using office spaces of nearby facilities, such as the Small and Medium Enterprises Development building, makeshift offices of the Office of Presidential Assistant for Rehabilitation and Recovery, newly-renovated provincial gymnasium, and the Leyte Academic Center in Palo town.

Leyte Vice Governor Carlo Loreto said his office will coordinate with the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) on how to develop the old capitol building into a museum.

“As part of the restoration of the building, the governor tasked me to talk with the NHCP and the National Museum to look into the possibility of creating a network of museum in the province, which means, any files or artifacts that we have in the capitol will also have a copy in other places in the province for preservation in case a calamity happens,” Loreto said in a phone interview.

The capitol building was constructed in 1917 during the administration of then-governor Salvador Demetrio. It was completed and inaugurated in 1924 during the term of governor Honorio Lopez.

The building was the seat of the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines (Oct. 23, 1944 to Feb. 27, 1945) when then-president Sergio Osmeña came into power in 1944 with the World War II Liberation Forces.

Gen. Douglas McArthur had sworn Osmeña into office inside the building.

In 1964, the original edifice was renovated, expanded and improved 40 years after upon assumption to office of then-governor Norberto Romualdez Jr., brother of former First Lady Imelda Romualdez-Marcos. (PNA)

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1071827

Consolacion, Liloan and Minglanilla, on the verge of Cityhood

Minglanilla, Consolacion and Liloan are municipalities in Metro Cebu that are now on the verge of cityhood based on the qualifications set forth by R.A. 9009, the governing law on cityhood or conversion of a municipality to a city.

Republic Act. 9009

• locally generated income of at least ₱100 million (based on constant prices in the year 2000) for the last two consecutive years, as certified by the Department of Finance, AND
• a population of at least 150,000, as certified by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA); OR a contiguous territory of 100 square kilometers, as certified by the Land Management Bureau, with contiguity not being a requisite for areas that are on two or more islands

Size

For the territorial requirement of 100 square kilometers, not one among the three Metro Cebu towns can qualify since they all have a smaller land area, with Consolacion having only 37sq.km, the smallest of the three.

So the only way to go is to comply with the two other requirements. Income and Population.

100M Annual Income

Money seems not a problem these days for Consolacion, Liloan and Minglanilla as they all have annual earnings exceeding the minimum parameter of 100M.

150,000 Population

On the question of population however, not one of the three can make the cut. That is if we refer to the latest census of 2015:

Liloan: 118,753

Minglanilla: 132,135

Consolacion: 131,528

But that is four years ago. These are fast growing urban areas that are averaging 4% to 10% year-on-year growth on its population.

Looking at the demographics, both Consolacion and Minglanilla should have breached the mark already as early as last year (2018), while Liloan will also make it in 2020 or 2021 at the latest.

Cities enjoy greater autonomy from the national government and a much bigger share of the Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA).

But the biggest change of all for new cities aside from the label, is the prestige and distinction it gives to all its residents.

A moment of pride and collective excitement for the milestone in history, when their once sleepy town finally ‘arrived‘ to join the big league.

Of course it is the people through a plebiscite who will eventually decide the fate of any cityhood proposal, but almost always, the excitement and human instinct for self -advancement prevails.

To the people of Minglanilla City, the City of Consolacion and Liloan City, congratulations in advance and please keep your city clean.

ABS-CBN still undisputed leader in May

ABS-CBN is still the most watched TV network nationwide that delivered top news stories and compelling, values-laden programs last May, registering an average audience share of 44% versus GMA’s 31%, according to data from Kantar Media.

The Kapamilya network’s leadership in ratings is evident in its programs that have consistently topped the list of most watched shows nationwide, with FPJ’s Ang Probinsyano (37%) keeping its claim as the number one program that Filipinos watch. Angel Locsin’s action-packed The General’s Daughter (31.2%) followed closely on the second spot.

Search for the Idol Philippines (28.8%) kept its throne as the top-of-mind weekend show nationwide, followed by ABS-CBN’s flagship newscast TV Patrol that brought relevant news last month for its Halalan 2019 coverage.

Completing the top 10 are Maalaala Mo Kaya (25.6%), Kadenang Ginto (25.3%), Hiwaga ng Kambat (23.1%), and Home Sweetie Home: Extra Sweet (22.7%).

Meanwhile, ABS-CBN also conquered all time blocks in May, particularly in primetime where it recorded an average audience share of 47%, compared to GMA’s 33%. The Primetime block is the most important time of the day when most Filipinos watch TV and advertisers put a larger chunk of their investments in to reach more consumers effectively.

The Kapamilya network also successfully ruled the morning block (6 AM to 12 NN) with an average audience share of 34%, versus GMA’s 30%; the noontime block (12 NN to 3 PM) with 43%, beating GMA’s 31%; and the afternoon block (3 PM to 6PM) with a whopping 50% or 20 points higher than GMA’s 30%.

Likewise, ABS-CBN also reigned supreme in urban and rural areas, as it earned 42% versus GMA’s 24% in Metro Manila; 36% versus GMA’s 31% in Mega Manila; 39% over GMA’s 34% in Total Luzon; 53% versus GMA’s 25% in Total Visayas; and 51% versus GMA’s 28% in Total Mindanao.

Multinational audience measurement provider Kantar Media uses a nationwide panel size of 2,610 urban and rural homes that represent 100% of the total Philippine TV viewing population.

https://entertainment.abs-cbn.com/tv/updates/010605190-abs-cbn-still-undisputed-leader-in-may

TV rivals claim lead in viewership ratings

ABS-CBN Corp. announced a lead in nationwide ratings while main rival GMA Network Inc. ruled in key urban areas for the month of May.

In a statement on Tuesday, ABS-CBN, which uses data from Kantar Media, said it cornered a nationwide average audience share of 44 percent against GMA’s 31 percent.

The Kapamilya network’s leadership in ratings is evident in its programs that have consistently topped the list of most watched shows nationwide, with FPJ’s Ang Probinsyano (37%) keeping its claim as the number one program that Filipinos watch and It’s Showtime (36.5%). Angel Locsin’s action-packed The General’s Daughter (31.2%) followed closely on the second spot.

Search for the Idol Philippines (28.8%) kept its throne as the top-of-mind weekend show nationwide, followed by ABS-CBN’s flagship newscast TV Patrol that brought relevant news last month for its Halalan 2019 coverage.

Completing the top 10 are Sino ang May Sala? Mea Culpa, Pinoy Big Brother: Otso, Tonight with Boy Abunda, Bandila, Maalaala Mo Kaya, Rated K, Gandang Gabi Vice, Umagang Kay Ganda, Magandang Buhay, Nang Ngumiti ang Langit, Kadenang Ginto, Los Bastardos, Minute to Win It: Last Man Standing, Hiwaga ng Kambat and Home Sweetie Home: Extra Sweet.

GMA, using data from Nielsen TV Audience Measurement, said it got an average total day people audience share of 36.3 percent, beating ABS-CBN’s 30.7 percent in urban Luzon, which accounted for 72 percent of all urban TV viewers in the country.

In its statement, ABS-CBN said it was ahead of its rival in certain urban areas around the country.

For Metro Manila, ABS-CBN claimed a 42-percent lead against GMA’s 24 percent while in mega Manila, it won 36 percent against GMA’s 31 percent. ABS-CBN said it was also ahead in total Luzon, total Visayas and total Mindanao.

GMA said it continued to lead across the morning, afternoon and evening blocks. The network said ratings were also bolstered by its coverage of the midterm elections last month.

Kapuso shows likewise ruled the list of top-rating programs in Urban Luzon for the month of May with “Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho (KMJS)” again securing the number one spot. The award-winning magazine show similarly remained as the most watched program in National Urban Philippines.

KMJS was followed by Sahaya, Magpakailanman, 24 Oras, Kara Mia, Daddy’s Gurl, Pepito Manaloto, Love You Two, Studio 7 and Daig Kayo ng Lola Ko.

Completing the list were Eat Bulaga, Amazing Earth, The Crown Princess, The Boobay and Tekla Show, Unang Hirit, Dragon Lady, Tadhana, Wish Ko Lang, Imbestigador, Bubble Gang, Saksi, Wowowin, Bihag, Inagaw na Bituin, Dahil sa Pag-ibig, Are You Human? and 24 Oras Weekend.

GMA Network also maintained its dominance in Mega Manila, which accounts for 60 percent of all urban viewers in the country.

Based on official data from May 1 to 25, GMA registered an average total day people audience share of 38 percent outscoring ABS-CBN’s 27.8 percent. In the list of top-rating programs in Mega Manila, 22 out of the top 30 shows were from GMA.

Meanwhile, GMA Network’s “Eleksyon 2019: The GMA News and Public Affairs Special Coverage” was the top news source during the 2019 Midterm Elections. Overall, the Kapuso Network’s special coverage from May 13 to 14 recorded an average people rating of 3.2 percent in the National Urban Television Audience Measurement (NUTAM), winning against ABS-CBN’s Halalan 2019, which only got 2.8 percent.

Nielsen TV Audience Measurement’s client pool covers a total of 32 clients/subscribers consisting of six local TV networks including ABS-CBN, TV5, Aksyon TV and CNN Philippines apart from its regional clients.

Kantar Media is a multinational market research group that specializes in audience measurement in more than 80 countries. ABS-CBN said Kantar had 26 TV networks, ad agencies and panregional networks subscribing to its ratings services.

https://business.inquirer.net/271991/tv-rivals-claim-lead-in-viewership-ratings

ABS-CBN claims nationwide lead; GMA secures NCR

MEDIA titans ABS-CBN Corp. and GMA Network Inc. on Tuesday continued to assert their dominance over the Philippine broadcast industry as their ratings war raged on last month.

While the Lopez-led network claimed leadership in nationwide ratings, GMA only highlighted its performance in Urban Luzon and Mega Manila.

In a statement, ABS-CBN said data from Kantar Media, which has a nationwide panel size of 2,610 urban and rural homes, showed that it remained the country’s leading network in May with a 44-percent average audience share, higher than GMA’s 31 percent.

The Kapamilya network also said it recorded an audience share of 42 percent in Metro Manila, against GMA’s 24 percent; 36 percent in Mega Manila versus its rival’s 31 percent; 39 percent in

Total Luzon versus the competitor’s 34 percent; 53 percent in Total Visayas, compared with GMA’s 25 percent; 51 percent in Total Mindanao, almost double GMA’s 28 percent.

The Kapamilya network’s leadership in ratings is evident in its programs that have consistently topped the list of most watched shows nationwide, with FPJ’s Ang Probinsyano (37%) keeping its claim as the number one program that Filipinos watch and It’s Showtime (36.5%). Angel Locsin’s action-packed The General’s Daughter (31.2%) followed closely on the second spot.

Search for the Idol Philippines (28.8%) kept its throne as the top-of-mind weekend show nationwide, followed by ABS-CBN’s flagship newscast TV Patrol that brought relevant news last month for its Halalan 2019 coverage.

Completing the top 10 are Sino ang May Sala?, Pinoy Big Brother: Otso, Tonight with Boy Abunda, Bandila, Maalaala Mo Kaya, Ipaglaban Mo, Kadenang Ginto, Los Bastardos, Minute to Win It: Last Man Standing, Hiwaga ng Kambat and Home Sweetie Home: Extra Sweet.

GMA, on the other hand, said in a separate statement that a report from Nielsen TV showed that it secured the lead last month.

The Kapuso network generated an average total day people audience share of 36.3 percent in Urban Luzon last month, against ABS-CBN’s 30.7 percent.

In Mega Manila, which GMA claimed to hold 60 percent of all urban viewers in the Philippines, it defeated ABS-CBN with a total day average people audience share of 38 percent, versus its rival’s 27.8 percent.

Kapuso shows likewise ruled the list of top-rating programs in Urban Luzon for the month of May with Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho (KMJS) again securing the number one spot. The award-winning magazine show similarly remained as the most watched program in National Urban Philippines.

KMJS was followed by Sahaya, Magpakailanman, 24 Oras, Kara Mia, Daddy’s Gurl, Pepito Manaloto, Love You Two, Studio 7, and Daig Kayo ng Lola Ko.

Completing the list were Eat Bulaga, Amazing Earth, The Crown Princess, The Boobay and Tekla Show, Dragon Lady, Tadhana, Wish Ko Lang, Imbestigador, Bubble Gang, Saksi, Wowowin, Bihag, Inagaw na Bituin, Dahil sa Pag-ibig, Are You Human? and 24 Oras Weekend.

GMA Network also maintained its dominance in Mega Manila, which accounts for 60 percent of all urban viewers in the country.

Based on official data from May 1 to 25, GMA registered an average total day people audience share of 38 percent outscoring ABS-CBN’s 27.8 percent. In the list of top-rating programs in Mega Manila, 22 out of the top 30 shows were from GMA.

Meanwhile, GMA Network’s “Eleksyon 2019: The GMA News and Public Affairs Special Coverage” was the top news source during the 2019 Midterm Elections. Overall, the Kapuso Network’s special coverage from May 13 to 14 recorded an average people rating of 3.2 percent in the National Urban Television Audience Measurement (NUTAM), winning against ABS-CBN’s Halalan 2019, which only got 2.8 percent.

Shares of ABS-CBN and GMA traded to nearly flat, closing at P18.36 and P5.39 apiece, respectively, on Tuesday.

https://www.manilatimes.net/abs-cbn-claims-nationwide-lead-gma-secures-ncr/564709/

People Power Revolution

{{hatnote|"EDSA Revolution" redirects here. For other uses, see [[EDSA Revolution (disambiguation)]]. For other uses of "People Power", see [[People Power (disambiguation)]].}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2018}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
|title=People Power Revolution
|partof=
|image= EDSA Revolution pic1.jpg
|caption=
|date=  February 22–25, 1986
|place=Philippines, primarily [[EDSA (road)|Epifanio de los Santos Avenue]], [[Metro Manila]]
|causes=
*Killing of [[Benigno Aquino Jr.]] in 1983
*Fraud during the [[Philippine presidential election, 1986|1986 Presidential snap elections]]
*Decades of [[Martial law in the Philippines|oppressive and totalitarian rule]]
|goals=Removal of [[Ferdinand Marcos]] and installation of [[Corazon Aquino]] as President
|status=
|result= Revolutionary victory
*Removal of [[Ferdinand Marcos]] from office <br> End of [[History of the Philippines (1965–86)|Marcos era (1965–86)]]
*Marcos exiled to Hawaii
*Start of the [[Fifth Philippine Republic]]
*[[Corazon Aquino]] becomes President of the Philippines
|side1='''People Power revolutionaries'''<br/>Political groups:<br/>
*[[United Nationalist Democratic Organization|UNIDO]]
*[[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan|PDP-Laban]]
*[[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]]
Military defectors:
*[[Reform the Armed Forces Movement]]
*[[Philippine Constabulary|Defected soldiers]]
Others:
*Anti-Marcos civilian protesters
Religious groups:
*[[Archdiocese of Manila]]
*[[Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines|CBCP]]<ref name=convergence>{{cite news|last1=Sison|first1=Jose Maria|title='It was a convergence of various forces'|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2479&dat=20060224&id=FFg1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=jiUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1930,4044246|accessdate=August 4, 2014|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=February 24, 2006}}</ref>
*[[Protestantism in the Philippines|Protestant churches of the Philippines]]
Militant groups:
*[[Bagong Alyansang Makabayan]]<ref name=convergence /><ref>{{cite news|last1=Araullo|first1=Carolina|title=Left was at Edsa and long before|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=4FU1AAAAIBAJ&sjid=aiUMAAAAIBAJ&pg=1015%2C30844986|accessdate=August 4, 2014|work=Philippine Daily Inquirer|date=March 2, 2000}}</ref>
**[[Kilusang Mayo Uno]]
**League of Filipino Students
**Christians for National Liberation
|side2=[[History of the Philippines (1965–1986)|'''Marcos government''']]<br>
* [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]]
**Forces loyal to Marcos
* [[Presidential Security Group]]<ref name=lastdays>{{cite news|last1=Suarez|first1=Miguel|title=Marcos' last days filled with errors and humiliation|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=csNaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=blkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7096%2C2434617|accessdate=August 4, 2014|work=The Evening Independent|agency=Associated Press|date=February 26, 1986|quote=She (Imelda) did not tell the crowd by that time all but a few thousand soldiers and officers, mostly those in the presidential guard, had by then turn against Marcos to join Mrs. Aquino's "people power" revolution}}</ref>
Government parties:
*[[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan]]
|leadfigures1=[[Corazon Aquino]]<br/>[[Salvador Laurel]]<br/>[[Juan Ponce Enrile]]<br/>[[Fidel V. Ramos]]<br/>[[Gregorio Honasan|Gringo Honasan]] <br/>[[Jaime Sin|Jaime Cardinal Sin]]
|leadfigures2=[[Ferdinand Marcos]]<br/>[[Imelda Marcos]]<br/>[[Fabian Ver]]
|howmany1=2,000,000+ protestors
|howmany2= No figures available
|casualties1=
|casualties2=
|fatalities=
|arrests=
|detentions=
|fined=
|casualties_label=
|notes=
}}
{{History of the Philippines}}
{{RegchangePH}}

The '''People Power Revolution''' (also known as the '''EDSA Revolution''' and the '''Philippine Revolution of 1986''' or simply '''EDSA 1986''') was a series of popular [[Demonstration (people)|demonstration]]s in the [[Philippines]], mostly in the capital city of [[Manila]] from February 22–25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of [[civil resistance]] against regime violence and alleged electoral fraud. The [[nonviolent revolution]] led to the departure of dictator [[Ferdinand Marcos]], the end of his 21-year presidential rule, and the restoration of [[democracy]] in the Philippines.<ref name="QUARTET p. 77">{{cite web| url = http://www.stuartxchange.org/DayFour.html| title = The Original People Power Revolution| accessdate = February 28, 2008| publisher = QUARTET p. 77| deadurl = no| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080215175737/http://www.stuartxchange.org/DayFour.html| archivedate = February 15, 2008| df = mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Yellow ribbons turn up on EDSA">{{cite web| url = http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=109889| title = Yellow ribbons turn up on EDSA| accessdate = February 28, 2008| publisher = [[ABS-CBN]]}}{{dead link|date=October 2008}}</ref>

It is also referred to as the '''Yellow Revolution''' due to the presence of yellow ribbons during demonstrations following the [[Assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr.|assassination of Filipino senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr.]]<ref name="QUARTET p. 77"/><ref name="Yellow ribbons turn up on EDSA"/> in August 1983. It was widely seen as a victory of the people against two decades of presidential rule by President Marcos, and made news headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world".<ref name="Gandhi">{{Citation |last=Kumar |first=Ravindra |last2= |first2= |publication-date=|title=Mahatma Gandhi at the Close of Twentieth Century|publication-place= |publisher=Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. |isbn=978-81-261-1736-9 |page=168 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=lTNpstqGlAMC&pg=PA168&dq=EDSA+Revolution |accessdate= December 2, 2007 |year=2004}}.</ref>

The majority of the demonstrations took place on a long stretch of [[EDSA (road)|Epifanio de los Santos Avenue]], more commonly known by its acronym ''EDSA'', in [[Metro Manila]] from February 22–25, 1986. They involved over two million Filipino civilians, as well as several political and military groups, and religious groups led by [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] [[Jaime Sin]], the [[Archbishop of Manila]], along with [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines]] President Cardinal [[Ricardo Vidal]], the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cebu|Archbishop of Cebu]]. The protests, fueled by the resistance and opposition from years of  governance by President Marcos and his cronies, culminated with the absolute rule and his family fleeing [[Malacañang Palace]] to exile in [[Hawaii]]. Ninoy Aquino's widow, [[Corazon Aquino]], was immediately installed as the [[List of Presidents of the Philippines|eleventh]] President as a result of the revolution.<ref>
{{cite web| url = http://www.stuartxchange.com/EdsaIntro.html| title = Edsa people Power 1 Philippines| accessdate = December 3, 2007| publisher = Angela Stuart-Santiago| deadurl = no| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071213180847/http://www.stuartxchange.com/EdsaIntro.html| archivedate = December 13, 2007| df = mdy-all}}</ref>

==Background and history==
{{Main|Ferdinand Marcos}}
[[Image:Ferdinand Marcos.JPEG|thumb|[[Ferdinand Marcos]] became the longest-serving [[Philippines|Philippine]] president for 20 years.]]
President Ferdinand E. Marcos was [[Philippine presidential election, 1965|elected president in 1965]], defeating incumbent [[Diosdado Macapagal|President Diosdado Macapagal]] by a margin of 52 to 43 percent. During this time, Marcos was very active in the initiation of public works projects and the intensification of tax collections. Marcos and his government claimed that they "built more roads than all his predecessors combined, and more schools than any previous administration".<ref>{{Harvnb|Lacsamana|1990|p=187}}</ref> Amidst charges from the opposition party of vote buying and a fraudulent election, President Marcos was reelected in the [[Philippine presidential election, 1969]], this time defeating [[Sergio Osmeña Jr.|Sergio Osmeña, Jr.]] by 61 to 39 percent.

President Marcos' second term for the presidency was marred by allegations by the opposition [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal Party]] of widespread graft and corruption. According to [[leftists]] who rioted during the [[First Quarter Storm]], the increasing disparity of wealth between the very wealthy and the very poor that made up the majority of the Philippines' population led to a rise in crime and civil unrest around the country. These factors, including the formation of the [[New People's Army]] and a bloody Muslim separatist movement in the southern island of Mindanao led by the [[Moro National Liberation Front]], contributed to the rapid rise of civil discontent and unrest in the country.{{citation needed|date = February 2014}}

A [[Constitutional convention (political meeting)|constitutional convention]], which had been called for in 1970 to replace the Commonwealth era [[1935 Constitution of the Philippines|1935 Constitution]], continued the work of framing a new constitution after the declaration of martial law. The new constitution went into effect in early 1973, changing the form of government from presidential to [[parliamentary system|parliamentary]] and allowing President Marcos to stay in power beyond 1973. The constitution was approved by 95% of the voters in the [[Philippine constitutional plebiscite, 1973|Philippine constitutional plebiscite]].

President Marcos was barred from running for a third term as president in 1973. On September 23, 1972, by virtue of a presidential proclamation (No. 1081), he declared [[martial law]], citing rising civil disobedience as a justification. Through this decree and after obtaining voters consent through the plebiscite, President Marcos seized emergency powers giving him full control of the Philippines' military and the authority to suppress and abolish the [[freedom of speech]], the [[freedom of the press]], and many other [[civil liberties]]. President Marcos also dissolved the [[Philippine Congress]] and shut down media establishments critical of the Marcos Administration.<ref name="Celoza"/>

President Marcos also ordered the immediate arrest of his political opponents and critics. Among those arrested were Senate President [[Jovito Salonga]], Senator [[Jose Diokno]], and Senator [[Benigno Aquino Jr.]], who Marcos linked with the [[Communists]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Ninoy linked up with the Left to aid presidential ambition|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/198820/news/specialreports/ninoy-networked-with-everyone-reds-included|newspaper=GMA News|date=August 18, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207014355/http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/198820/news/specialreports/ninoy-networked-with-everyone-reds-included|archivedate=February 7, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and the man who was groomed by the opposition to succeed President Marcos after the 1973 elections.<ref name="Celoza"/> On November 25, 1977, the Military Commission charged Aquino along with his two co-accused, [[New People's Army|NPA]] leaders [[Bernabe Buscayno]] (Commander Dante) and Lt. Victor Corpuz, guilty of all charges and sentenced them to death by firing squad.<ref>{{cite news|title=Max Soliven recalls Ninoy Aquino: Unbroken|url=http://asianjournalusa.com/max-soliven-recalls-ninoy-aquino-unbroken-p5828-87.htm|accessdate=August 30, 2013|newspaper=Philippines Star|date=October 10, 2008|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016015855/http://asianjournalusa.com/max-soliven-recalls-ninoy-aquino-unbroken-p5828-87.htm|archivedate=October 16, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 1978, while still in prison, Aquino founded his [[political party]], ''[[Lakas ng Bayan]]'' (abbreviated "LABAN"; English: ''People's Power'') to run for office in the [[Interim Batasang Pambansa]] (Parliament). All LABAN candidates lost, including Ninoy himself.

With practically all of his political opponents were arrested and in exile, President Marcos' pre-emptive declaration of martial law in 1972 and the [[Philippine constitutional plebiscite, 1973|ratification]] of his new constitution by more than 95% of voters enabled Marcos to effectively legitimize his government and hold on to power for another 14 years beyond his first two terms as president. In a [[Cold War]] context, Marcos retained the support of the United States through Marcos' promise to stamp out communism in the Philippines and by assuring the United States of its continued use of military and naval bases in the Philippines.<ref name="Celoza">{{Citation|title=Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: the political economy of authoritarianism |first=Albert |last=Celoza |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |year=1997}}</ref>

===Assassination of Ninoy Aquino===
{{main|Assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.}}
Despite warnings from the military and other First Lady Imelda R. Marcos, Ninoy Aquino was determined to return to the Philippines. Asked what he thought of the death threats, Ninoy Aquino responded, "The Filipino is worth dying for."<ref>{{cite web|title=Aquino, Corazon Cojuangco • The Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation • Honoring greatness of spirit and transformative leadership in Asia|url=http://rmaward.asia/awardees/aquino-corazon-cojuangco/|website=rmaward.asia|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804175243/http://rmaward.asia/awardees/aquino-corazon-cojuangco/|archivedate=August 4, 2017|df=mdy-all|access-date=January 11, 2019}}</ref>

At that time, Ninoy's passport had expired and the renewal had been denied. Ninoy therefore acquired a plan to acquire a fake passport with the help of [[Rashid Lucman]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Philippine Star|title=A look back at Ninoy Aquino's murder|date=August 20, 2014|url=http://www.philstar.com/news-feature/2014/08/20/1359731/look-back-ninoy-aquinos-murder|accessdate=March 30, 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828054443/http://www.philstar.com/news-feature/2014/08/20/1359731/look-back-ninoy-aquinos-murder|archivedate=August 28, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Philippine Star">{{cite journal|last=Philippine Star|title=Will Noynoy Aquino be the hero of Muslims in Mindanao?|url=http://www.philstar.com/letters-editor/604043/will-noynoy-aquino-be-hero-muslims-mindanao|date=August 20, 2010|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010224659/http://www.philstar.com/letters-editor/604043/will-noynoy-aquino-be-hero-muslims-mindanao|archivedate=October 10, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The passport carried the alias ''Marcial Bonifacio'' (Marcial for martial law and Bonifacio for Fort Bonifacio, his erstwhile prison).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inq7.net/nat/2003/aug/21/nat_4-1.htm |title=Services – INQUIRER.net |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516180338/http://www.inq7.net/nat/2003/aug/21/nat_4-1.htm |archivedate=May 16, 2006 |deadurl=yes |df=mdy }}</ref>

On August 21, 1983, after a three-year exile in the [[United States]], Aquino was [[assassination|assassinated]] as he disembarked from a [[Taiwan]]ese commercial flight at the [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|Manila International Airport]] (which was later renamed in Aquino's honor).<ref>{{Citation |editor-last1=Javate-De Dios |editor-first1=Aurora |editor-first2=Petronilo |editor-last2=Bn Daroy |editor-first3=Lorna |editor-last3=Kalaw-Tirol |title=Dictatorship and Revolution: Roots of People's Power |publisher=Conspectus Foundation Incorporated |date=1988 |oclc=19609244 |page=132 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Nz1yAAAAMAAJ&dq=Dictatorship+and+Revolution%3A+Roots+of+People%27s+Power |asin=B0000EEE8J |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017232007/https://books.google.com/books?ei=_6RFU_T8JYrIyAHwhIDgBA&id=Nz1yAAAAMAAJ&dq=Dictatorship+and+Revolution%3A+Roots+of+People%27s+Power |archivedate=October 17, 2015 |df=mdy-all }}.</ref> His assassination shocked and outraged many Filipinos, most of whom had lost confidence in the Marcos administration. The event led to more suspicions about the government, triggering non-cooperation among Filipinos that eventually led to outright [[civil disobedience]].<ref>{{Citation |last=Schock |first=Kurt |authorlink= |editor= |others= |title=Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies |origyear= |url= |format= |accessdate= |edition= |series= |date= |year=2005 |month= |publisher= University of Minnesota Press|location= |language= |isbn=978-0-8166-4192-5 |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages=56 |chapter=People Power Unleashed: South Africa and the Philippines |chapterurl= |quote= }}</ref> It also shook the Marcos Administration, which was by then deteriorating due, in part, to Marcos' worsening health and ultimately fatal illness ([[lupus erythematosus]]).{{citation needed|date = February 2014}}

The assassination of Ninoy Aquino caused the Philippines economy to deteriorate even further, and the government plunged further into debt. By the end of 1983, the Philippines was in an economic recession, with the economy contracting by 6.8%.<ref>
{{cite web| url = https://www.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/fw9.html| title = Lakas Ng Bayan: The People's Power/EDSA Revolution 1986| accessdate = December 10, 2007| publisher = [[University of Alberta]], [[Canada]]| deadurl = no| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070808142736/http://www.ualberta.ca/~vmitchel/fw9.html| archivedate = August 8, 2007| df = mdy-all}}</ref>

In 1984, Marcos appointed a commission, led by Chief Justice [[Enrique Fernando]], to launch an investigation into Aquino's assassination. Despite the commission's conclusions, Cardinal [[Jaime Sin]], the Archbishop of Manila, declined an offer to join the commission and rejected the government's views on the assassination.

===Calls for election===
{{main|Philippine presidential election, 1986}}
On November 3, 1985, after pressure from the US government,<ref>
{{cite news| url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_v86/ai_4188363| title = Election developments in the Philippines – President Reagan's statement – transcript| accessdate = December 3, 2007| publisher = US Department of State Bulletin, April 1986| year=1986}}</ref> Marcos suddenly announced that a snap presidential election would take place the following year, one year ahead of the regular presidential election schedule, to legitimize his control over the country.<ref name="NSM">{{Citation |last=Zunes |first=Stephen |last2= |first2= |publication-date=1999|title=Nonviolent Social Movements: A Geographical Perspective |publication-place= |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |isbn=978-1-57718-076-0 |page=129 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=rlIH-NQbFQgC&pg=PA129&dq=Philippine+People+power+revolution |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |year=1999 |display-authors=1 |author2=<Please add first missing authors to populate metadata.>}}</ref>  The snap election was legalized with the passage of Batas Pambansa Blg. 883 (National Law No. 883) by the Marcos-controlled unicameral congress called the [[Regular Batasang Pambansa]].<ref name="Steinberg 2000 144">{{Citation |first=David Joel |last=Steinberg |publisher=Basic Books |year=2000 |page=144 |title=The Philippines: Colonialism, collaboration, and resistance}}</ref>

The growing opposition movement encouraged Ninoy Aquino's widow, Corazon Aquino, to run for the presidency. United Opposition (UNIDO) leader, [[Salvador Laurel]], who earlier filed his candidacy as an official UNIDO candidate for the presidency, gave way to Cory after a political deal which was later reneged by Cory after the election. [[Salvador Laurel]] eventually ran as Cory Aquino's running mate for vice-president under the United Opposition (UNIDO) party. Marcos ran for re-election, with [[Arturo Tolentino]] as his running mate under the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) party.<ref name="Steinberg 2000 144"/>

===1986 election===
{{main|Philippine presidential election, 1986}}
The elections were held on February 7, 1986.<ref name="NSM"/> The official election canvasser, the [[Commission on Elections]] (COMELEC), declared Marcos the winner. The final tally of the COMELEC had Marcos winning with 10,807,197 votes against Aquino's 9,291,761 votes. On the other hand, based on returns of 70% of the precincts<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/?id=-1TMCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA384&lpg=PA384&dq=namfrel+7,835,070+aquino#v=onepage&q=namfrel%207%2C835%2C070%20aquino&f=false | title=A Force More Powerful: A Century of Non-Violent Conflict| isbn=9780312240509| last1=Ackerman| first1=Peter| last2=Duvall| first2=Jack| date=2001-10-05}}</ref> of the [[National Movement for Free Elections]] (NAMFREL), an accredited poll watcher, had Aquino winning with 7,835,070 votes against Marcos' 7,053,068 votes.<ref>{{Citation|title=A Force More Powerful: A Century of Nonviolent Conflict|author1=Peter Ackerman|author2=Jack DuVall|publisher=Macmillan|year=2001|isbn=978-0-312-24050-9|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=OVtKS9DCN0kC&pg=PA384 384]|url=https://books.google.com/?id=OVtKS9DCN0kC|authorlink1=Peter Ackerman|authorlink2=Jack DuVall}};<br />^ {{Citation|author=Isabelo T. Crisostomo|title=Cory—profile of a president|publisher=Branden Books|year=1987|isbn=978-0-8283-1913-3|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=iW_ddLowBYkC&pg=PA193 193]|url=https://books.google.com/?id=iW_ddLowBYkC}} (showing a reproduction of NAMFREL's announcement of the results).</ref>

This electoral exercise was marred by widespread reports of violence and tampering of election results, culminating in the walkout of 35 COMELEC computer technicians to protest the deliberate manipulation of the official election results to favor Ferdinand Marcos.  The walkout was considered as one of the early "sparks" of the People Power Revolution. The walkout also served as an affirmation to allegations of vote-buying, fraud, and tampering of election results by the KBL.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.pcij.org/i-report/edsa20/william-torres.html| title = iReport EDSA 20th Anniversary Special Issue &#124; Dr. William Castro| accessdate = January 16, 2008| publisher = Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, February 2006| deadurl = no| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080120161749/http://pcij.org/i-report/edsa20/william-torres.html| archivedate = January 20, 2008| df = mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections-2013/22582-1986-comelec-walkout-not-about-cory-or-marcos | title = 1986 Comelec walkout not about Cory or Marcos | accessdate = January 12, 2016 | publisher = Rappler | first = Reynaldo | last = Santos, Jr. | date = February 26, 2013 | deadurl = no | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160228042402/http://www.rappler.com/nation/politics/elections-2013/22582-1986-comelec-walkout-not-about-cory-or-marcos | archivedate = February 28, 2016 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>

Because of reports of alleged fraud, the [[Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines]] (CBCP) through Cardinal [[Ricardo Vidal]] issued a statement condemning the elections. The United States Senate also passed a resolution stating the same condemnation.<ref name="NSM"/> [[US president]] [[Ronald Reagan]] issued a statement calling the fraud reports as "disturbing" but he said that there was fraud "on both sides" of the Philippine election.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/02/26/in-crucial-call-laxalt-told-marcos-cut-cleanly/9329b85d-f7b0-4021-884d-5e5e659a4cb0/|title=In Crucial Call, Laxalt Told Marcos: 'Cut Cleanly'|last1=Hoffman|first1=David|last2=Cannon|first2=Lou|last3=Coleman|first3=Milton|last4=Dewar|first4=Helen|last5=Goshko|first5=John M.|last6=Oberdorfer|first6=Don|last7=W|first7=George C.|work=The Washington Post|date=February 26, 1986|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822084009/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1986/02/26/in-crucial-call-laxalt-told-marcos-cut-cleanly/9329b85d-f7b0-4021-884d-5e5e659a4cb0/|archivedate=August 22, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1079/is_v86/ai_4188363| title = PRESIDENT'S STATEMENT, FEB. 11, 1986| accessdate = December 3, 2007| publisher = US Department of State Bulletin, April 1986| year=1986}}</ref> In response to the protests, COMELEC claimed that Marcos with 53 percent won over Aquino. However, NAMFREL countered that the latter won over Marcos with 52 percent of votes.<ref>{{Citation |last=Schock |first=Kurt |last2= |first2= |publication-date=|title=Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies |publication-place= |publisher= U of Minnesota Press|isbn= 978-0-8166-4193-2|page=77 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=RRVk5qJpOH8C&pg=PA77&dq=Cory+Aquino+1986+inauguration |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |year=2005}}.</ref>

On February 15, Marcos was proclaimed by COMELEC and Batasang Pambansa as the winner amidst the controversy. All 50 opposition members of the Parliament walked out in protest.  The Filipino people repudiated the results, asserting that Aquino was the real victor. Both "winners" took their oath of office in two different places, with Aquino gaining greater mass support. Aquino also called for coordinated strikes and mass boycott of the media and businesses owned by Marcos' cronies. As a result, the crony banks, corporations, and media were hit hard, and their shares in the stock market plummeted to record levels.{{citation needed|date = February 2014}}

===Vidal's declaration===
Cardinal Vidal, after the result of the snap election, issued a declaration in lieu of the Philippine Church hierarchy stating that when "a government does not of itself freely correct the evil it has inflicted on the people then it is our serious moral obligation as a people to make it do so." The declaration also asked "every loyal member of the Church, every community of the faithful, to form their judgment about the February 7 polls" and told all the Filipinos, "Now is the time to speak up.  Now is the time to repair the wrong.  The wrong was systematically organized.  So must its correction be.  But as in the election itself, that depends fully on the people; on what they are willing and ready to do."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cbcponline.net/documents/1980s/1986-post_election.html|title=POST-ELECTION STATEMENT|publisher=|accessdate=March 15, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923201056/http://www.cbcponline.net/documents/1980s/1986-post_election.html|archivedate=September 23, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==Events==
{{Revolution sidebar}}

===Aborted military coup===
Appalled by the bold and apparent election irregularities, the [[Reform the Armed Forces Movement]] set into motion a coup attempt against Marcos. The initial plan was for a team to assault Malacañan Palace and arrest Ferdinand Marcos. Other military units would take over key strategic facilities, such as the [[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|airport]], military bases,  the GHQAFP in [[Camp Aguinaldo]], and major highway junctions to restrict counteroffensive by Marcos-loyal troops.

However, after Marcos learned about the plot, he ordered their leaders' arrest,<ref>{{Citation |last=West |first=Lois A. |last2= |first2= |publication-date=1997
|title=Militant Labor in the Philippines |publication-place= |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=978-1-56639-491-8 |pages=19–20 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=KcaOhzm8gAQC&pg=PA20&dq=Philippine+People+power+revolution |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |year=1997}}.</ref> and presented to the international and local press some of the captured plotters, Maj. Saulito Aromin and Maj. Edgardo Doromal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stuartxchange.org/DayOne.html|title=Day One (EDSA: The Original People Power Revolution by Angela Stuart-Santiago)|publisher=|accessdate=March 15, 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807094913/http://www.stuartxchange.org/DayOne.html|archivedate=August 7, 2015|df=mdy-all}}</ref>

Threatened with their impending imprisonment, Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile and his fellow coup plotters decided to ask for help from then AFP Vice Chief of Staff Lt. Gen [[Fidel Ramos]], who was also the chief of the [[Philippine Constabulary]] (now the Philippine National Police). Ramos agreed to resign from his position and support the plotters. Enrile also contacted the highly influential Cardinal Archbishop of Manila [[Jaime Sin]] for his support.

At about 6:30&nbsp;p.m. on February 22, Enrile and Ramos held a press conference at Camp Aguinaldo, where they announced that they had resigned from their positions in Marcos' cabinet and were withdrawing support from his government. Marcos himself later conducted his own news conference calling on Enrile and Ramos to surrender, urging them to "stop this stupidity".<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness">{{Citation |last=Paul Sagmayao |first=Mercado |authorlink= |first2=Francisco S.|last2=Tatad |title=People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An Eyewitness History |publisher=The James B. Reuter, S.J., Foundation |year=1986 |location=[[Manila]], [[Philippines]] |pages= |url= |oclc=16874890}}</ref>

===Sin's appeal===
After Cardinal Vidal's condemnation of the snap election's fraudulent result, a message was aired over [[Radio Veritas]] at around 9 p.m., Cardinal Sin exhorted Filipinos in the capital to aid rebel leaders by going to the section of EDSA between [[Camp Crame]] and [[Camp Aguinaldo|Aguinaldo]] and giving emotional support, food and other supplies. For many this seemed an unwise decision since civilians would not stand a chance against a dispersal by government troops. Many people, especially priests and nuns, still trooped to EDSA.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

Radio Veritas played a critical role during the mass uprising. Former [[University of the Philippines]] president Francisco Nemenzo stated that: "''Without Radio Veritas, it would have been difficult, if not impossible, to mobilize millions of people in a matter of hours.''" Similarly, a certain account in the event said that: "''Radio Veritas, in fact, was our umbilical cord to whatever else was going on''."<ref name="McCargo">{{Citation |last=McCargo |first=Duncan |last2= |first2=|publication-date=2003|title=Media and Politics in Pacific Asia |publication-place= |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-23375-0 |page=20|url=https://books.google.com/?id=CuGJ575iLLAC&pg=PA20&dq=Radio+Veritas+1986+Philippine+revolution |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |year=2003}}</ref>

===Rising mass support===
[[File:EDSA Revolution pic1.jpg|thumb|300px|During the height of the revolution, an estimated three hundred to five hundred thousand people filled EDSA from Ortigas Avenue all the way to Cubao. The photo above shows the area at the intersection of EDSA and Boni Serrano Avenue, just between Camp Crame and Camp Aguinaldo.]]
At dawn, Sunday, government troops arrived to knock down the main transmitter of Radio Veritas, cutting off broadcasts to people in the provinces. The station switched to a standby transmitter with a limited range of broadcast.<ref name="McCargo"/> The station was targeted because it had proven to be a valuable communications tool for the people supporting the rebels, keeping them informed of government troop movements and relaying requests for food, medicine, and supplies.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

Still, people came to EDSA until it swelled to hundreds of thousands of unarmed civilians. The mood in the street was actually very festive, with many bringing whole families. Performers entertained the crowds, nuns and priests led prayer vigils, and people set up barricades and makeshift sandbags, trees, and vehicles in several places along EDSA and intersecting streets such as Santolan and Ortigas Avenue. Everywhere, people listened to Radio Veritas on their radios. Several groups sang ''[[Bayan Ko]]'' (My Homeland),<ref>{{Citation |last=Taylor |first=Robert H. |last2= |first2= |publication-date=2002
|title=The Idea of Freedom in Asia and Africa |publication-place= |publisher= Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-4514-7 |page=210 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=RfbSlkGP8TEC&pg=PA210&dq=Bayan+Ko+in+1986+Philippine+revolution |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |year=2002}}.</ref> which, since 1980, had become a patriotic anthem of the opposition. People frequently flashed the 'LABAN' sign,<ref>{{Citation |last=Crisostomo |first=Isabelo T. |last2= |first2= |publication-date=1987|title=Cory, Profile of a President: The Historic Rise to Power of Corazon |publication-place=|publisher=Branden Books |isbn=978-0-8283-1913-3 |page=217 |url=https://books.google.com/id=iW_ddLowBYkC&pg=PA217&dq=LABAN+signs+during+EDSA+I |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |year=1987}}.</ref> which is an "L" formed with their thumb and index finger. 'Laban' is the Tagalog word for 'fight', but also the abbreviation of [[Lakas ng Bayan]], Ninoy Aquino's party.

After lunch on February 23, Enrile and Ramos decided to consolidate their positions. Enrile crossed EDSA from [[Camp Aguinaldo]] to [[Camp Crame]] amidst cheers from the crowd.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

In the mid-afternoon, [[Radio Veritas]] relayed reports of [[Philippine Marine Corps|Marines]] massing near the camps in the east and [[LVT-5]] tanks approaching from the north and south. A contingent of Marines with tanks and armored vans, led by Brigadier General Artemio Tadiar, was stopped along Ortigas Avenue, about two kilometers from the camps, by tens of thousands of people.<ref>{{Citation |last=Lizano |first=Lolita |last2= |first2= |publication-date=1988|title=Flower in a Gun Barrel: The Untold Story of the Edsa Revolution |publication-place= |publisher= L.R. Lizano|isbn= |page=|url=https://books.google.com/?id=Bm0yAAAAIAAJ&dq=EDSA+Revolution&q=EDSA+Revolution |accessdate= December 2, 2007 |year=1988}}.</ref> Nuns holding rosaries knelt in front of the tanks and men and women linked arms together to block the troops.<ref>{{Citation |last=Merkl |first=Peter H. |last2= |first2=|publication-date=2005|title=The Rift Between America And Old Europe: the distracted eagle |publication-place= |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-35985-6 |page=144 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=WavpuvE2HA4C&pg=PA144&dq=EDSA+Revolution |accessdate= December 2, 2007 |year=2005}}.</ref> Tadiar asked the crowds to make a clearing for them, but they did not budge. In the end, the troops retreated with no shots fired.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

By evening, the standby transmitter of Radio Veritas failed. Shortly after midnight, the staff were able to go to another station to begin broadcasting from a secret location under the moniker [[DZRJ-AM|"Radyo Bandido"]] (Outlaw Radio, which is now known as [[DZRJ-AM]]). June Keithley, with her husband [[Angelo Castro, Jr.]], was the radio broadcaster who continued Radio Veritas' program throughout the night and in the remaining days.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness"/>

===More military defections===
At dawn on Monday, February 24, the first serious encounter with government troops occurred. Marines marching from Libis, in the east, lobbed tear gas at the demonstrators, who quickly dispersed. Some 3,000 Marines then entered and held the east side of Camp Aguinaldo.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

Later, helicopters manned by the 15th Strike Wing of the [[Philippine Air Force]], led by Colonel Antonio Sotelo, were ordered from Sangley Point in Cavite (South of Manila) to head to Camp Crame.<ref name="Crisostomo">{{Citation |last=Crisostomo |first=Isabelo T. |last2= |first2= |publication-date=1987
|title=Cory, Profile of a President: The Historic Rise to Power of Corazon |publication-place= |publisher= Branden Books|isbn= 978-0-8283-1913-3|page=226 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=iW_ddLowBYkC&pg=PA226&dq=Col.+Antonio+Sotelo+to+camp+crame |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |date=April 1, 1987}}.</ref> Secretly, the squadron had already defected and instead of attacking Camp Crame, landed in it, with the crowds cheering and hugging the pilots and crew members.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

A [[Bell 214]] helicopter piloted by Major Deo Cruz of the 205th Helicopter Wing and [[Sikorsky S-76]] gunships piloted by Colonel Charles Hotchkiss of the 20th Air Commando Squadron joined the rebel squadron earlier in the air. The presence of the helicopters boosted the morale of Enrile and Ramos who had been continually encouraging their fellow soldiers to join the opposition movement.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" /> In the afternoon, Aquino arrived at the base where Enrile, Ramos, RAM officers and a throng were waiting.<ref name="Crisostomo"/>

===The capture of Channel 4===
At around that time, [[June Keithley]] received reports that Marcos had left Malacañang Palace and broadcast this to the people at EDSA. The crowd celebrated and even Ramos and Enrile came out from Crame to appear to the crowds. The jubilation was however short-lived as Marcos later appeared on television on the government-controlled [[DWGT-TV|Channel 4]],<ref>{{Citation |last=Maramba |first=Asuncion David |last2= |first2= |publication-date=1987
|title=On the Scene: The Philippine Press Coverage of the 1986 Revolution |publication-place= |publisher=Solar publishing Corp. |isbn= 978-971-17-0628-9|page=27 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=2QAeAAAAMAAJ&dq=Channel+9+tower+in+1986+revolution&q=Channel+4 |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |year=1987}}.</ref> (using the foreclosed [[ABS-CBN (television network)|ABS-CBN]] facilities, transmitter and compound) declaring that he would not step down. It was thereafter speculated that the false report was a calculated move against Marcos to encourage more defections.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

During this broadcast, Channel 4 suddenly went off the air. A contingent of rebels, under Colonel Mariano Santiago, had captured the station. Channel 4 was put back on line shortly after noon, with [[Orly Punzalan]] announcing on live television, "Channel 4 is on the air again to serve the people." By this time, the crowds at EDSA had swollen to over a million. (Some estimates placed them at two million.)<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

This broadcast was considered the "return" of [[ABS-CBN (television network)|ABS-CBN]] on air because this was the time when former employees of the network were inside the complex after 14 years of closure since Marcos took it over during the Martial Law of 1972. [[DZRJ-AM|"Radyo Bandido"]] ended broadcasting that afternoon, while Radio Veritas resumed transmissions, this time from the [[ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center]]'s radio studios.

In the late afternoon, rebel helicopters attacked [[Villamor Airbase]], destroying presidential air assets. Another helicopter went to [[Malacañan Palace|Malacañang]], fired a rocket, and caused minor damage. Later, most of the officers who had graduated from the [[Philippine Military Academy]] (PMA) defected. The majority of the Armed Forces had already changed sides.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

===Marcos orders not to shoot===
{{listen| filename=Marcos_-_ver.ogg|title="Marcos' finest hour" | description=[[President of the Philippines|President]] [[Ferdinand Marcos]] and General [[Fabian Ver]] during a press conference in Malacañan Palace. | format= [[Ogg]]}}

Prior dialogues to stop the revolution have not succeeded with the Armed Forces of the Philippines, which was led by General Fabian Ver. AFP was ready to mount an air strike on the day but was halted under orders of Marcos.

The actual dialogue on TV between Marcos and then AFP Chief of Staff General Fabian Ver went as follows:<ref>[https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=LK9EbyPGBm0C&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=They+are+massing+civilians+near+our+troops+and+we+cannot+keep+on+withdrawing.+You+asked+me+to+withdraw+yesterday&source=bl&ots=H-FcP3f00u&sig=c99PrGDPwrBS77fvNQ3RDtxcya8&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=They%20are%20massing%20civilians%20near%20our%20troops%20and%20we%20cannot%20keep%20on%20withdrawing.%20You%20asked%20me%20to%20withdraw%20yesterday&f=false Butterfly Mind: Revolution, Recovery, and One Reporter's Road to Understanding China] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170113030712/https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=LK9EbyPGBm0C&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=They+are+massing+civilians+near+our+troops+and+we+cannot+keep+on+withdrawing.+You+asked+me+to+withdraw+yesterday&source=bl&ots=H-FcP3f00u&sig=c99PrGDPwrBS77fvNQ3RDtxcya8&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y |date=January 13, 2017 }} By Patrick Brown. Google Books.</ref>

{{quote|Fabian Ver: The Ambush there is aiming to mount there in the top. Very quickly, you must immediately leave to conquer them, immediately, Mr. President.<br />
Ferdinand Marcos: Just wait, come here.<br />
Ver: Please, Your Honor, so we can immediately strike them. We have to immobilize the helicopters that they've got. We have two fighter planes flying now to strike at any time, sir.<br />
Marcos: My order is not to attack. No, no, no! Hold on. My order is not to attack.<br />
Ver: They are massing civilians near our troops and we cannot keep on withdrawing. You asked me to withdraw yesterday-<br />
Marcos (interrupting): Uh yes, but ah... My order is to disperse without shooting them.<br />
Ver: We cannot withdraw all the time...<br />
Marcos: No! No! No! Hold on! You disperse the crowd without shooting them.}}

===Two inaugurations===
[[File:Corazon Aquino inauguration.jpg|thumb|300px|Corazon Aquino was inaugurated as the 11th president of the Philippines on February 25, 1986 at Sampaguita Hall (Now Kalayaan Hall).]]
On the morning of Tuesday, February 25, at around 7 a.m., a minor clash occurred between loyal government troops and the reformists. Snipers stationed atop the government-owned Channel 9 tower, near Channel 4, began shooting at the reformists. Many rebel soldiers surged to the station,<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" /> and a rebel S-76 helicopter later shot the snipers at the broadcast tower. The troops later left after a V-150 was blocked by the crowd assembled.

Later in the morning, [[Corazon Aquino]] was inaugurated as President of the Philippines in a simple ceremony at [[Club Filipino]]<ref>{{Citation |last=Crisostomo |first=Isabelo T. |last2= |first2= |publication-date=|title=Cory, Profile of a President: The Historic Rise to Power of Corazon |publication-place= |publisher= Branden Books|isbn= 978-0-8283-1913-3|page=257 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=iW_ddLowBYkC&pg=PA257&dq=Cory+Aquino+in+Club+Filipino |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |date=April 1, 1987}}.</ref> in Greenhills, about a kilometer from Camp Crame. She was sworn in as President by Senior Associate Justice [[Claudio Teehankee]], and Laurel as Vice-President by Justice Vicente Abad Santos. The Bible on which Aquino swore her oath was held by her mother-in-law Aurora Aquino, the mother of [[Benigno Aquino, Jr.|Ninoy Aquino]]. Attending the ceremonies were Ramos, who was then promoted to General, Enrile, and many politicians.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

Outside Club Filipino, all the way to EDSA, hundreds of people cheered and celebrated. ''[[Bayan Ko]]'' (''My Country'', a popular folk song and the unofficial National Anthem of protest) was sung after Aquino's oath-taking. Many people wore yellow, the color of Aquino's campaign for presidency.

An hour later, Marcos held the inauguration at [[Malacañang Palace]]. Loyalist civilians attended the ceremony, shouting "''Marcos, Marcos, Marcos pa rin!'' (Marcos, Marcos, still Marcos!)". On the Palace balcony, Marcos took the Oath of Office, broadcast by [[Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation|IBC-13]] and [[GMA Network|GMA-7]].<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" /> None of the invited foreign dignitaries attended the ceremony, for security reasons. The couple finally emerged on the balcony of the Palace before 3,000 KBL loyalists who were shouting, "Capture the snakes!"<ref name="Ellison">{{Citation |last=Ellison |first=Katherine |last2= |first2= |publication-date=2005|title=Imelda: Steel Butterfly of the Philippines |publication-place= |publisher=iUniverse |isbn=978-0-595-34922-7 |page=244 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=Dfl53AtDM0oC&pg=RA1-PA244&dq=Dahil+Sa+sang+by+Imelda+Marcos |accessdate= December 3, 2007 |year=2005}}.</ref> Rather tearfully,<ref name="Ellison"/> First Lady Imelda Marcos gave a farewell rendition of the couple's theme song – the 1938 ''[[kundiman]]'' ''"[[Dahil Sa Iyo]]"'' (Because of You) – chanting the song's entreaties in [[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]:

<blockquote>
Because of you, I became happy<br />
Loving I shall offer you<br />
If it is true I shall be enslaved by you<br />
All of this because of you.<ref name="Ellison"/>
</blockquote>

The broadcast of the event was interrupted as rebel troops successfully captured the other stations.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

By this time, hundreds of people had amassed at the barricades along [[Mendiola]], only a hundred meters away from Malacañang. They were prevented from storming the Palace by loyal government troops securing the area. The angry demonstrators were pacified by priests who warned them not to be violent.<ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness" />

===Marcos' departure===
At 3:00&nbsp;p.m. ([[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]) on Monday, President Marcos phoned [[United States Senate|United States Senator]] [[Paul Laxalt]],<ref name="Ellison"/> asking for advice from the [[White House]]. Laxalt advised him to "cut and cut clean",<ref>{{Cite book|title = Reagan: the life|last = Brands|first = H W|publisher = Doubleday|year = 2015|isbn = 9780385536400|location = New York|pages = |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=wHd5BAAAQBAJ&lpg=PT617&vq=laxalt%20marcos%20cut%20and%20cut%20clean&dq=laxalt%20marcos%20cut%20and%20cut%20clean&pg=PT617#v=onepage&q=laxalt%20marcos%20cut%20and%20cut%20clean&f=false|deadurl = no|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160105160957/https://books.google.com/books?id=wHd5BAAAQBAJ&lpg=PT617&vq=laxalt%20marcos%20cut%20and%20cut%20clean&dq=laxalt%20marcos%20cut%20and%20cut%20clean&pg=PT617#v=onepage&q=laxalt%20marcos%20cut%20and%20cut%20clean&f=false|archivedate = January 5, 2016|df = mdy-all}}</ref> to which Marcos expressed his disappointment after a short pause. In the afternoon, Marcos talked to Minister Enrile, asking for safe passage for him, his family, and close allies such as General Ver.

At midnight [[Philippine Standard Time|PHT]], the Marcos family boarded a [[United States Air Force]] HH-3E Rescue [[helicopter]]s<ref name="Halperin">{{Citation|last=Halperin|first=Jonathan J.|title=The Other Side: How Soviets and Americans Perceive Each Other|url=https://books.google.com/?id=H1so7Od--csC&pg=PA63&dq=Marcos+departure|page=63|publication-date=1987|year=1987|publication-place=|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=978-0-88738-687-9|accessdate=December 3, 2007|last2=|first2=}}.</ref> and flew to [[Clark Air Base]] in [[Angeles City]] 83 kilometres north of Manila.

At Clark Air Base, Marcos asked to spend ''a couple of days'' with his family in Ilocos Norte, his native province. Aquino vetoed the request. President Reagan privately derided Cory Aquino for denying Marcos a last look at his home province.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/19/magazine/reagan-and-the-philippines-setting-marcos-adrift.html?pagewanted=all |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-02-11 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111001104/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/19/magazine/reagan-and-the-philippines-setting-marcos-adrift.html?pagewanted=all |archivedate=January 11, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The deposed First Family and their servants then rode US Air Force [[DC9|DC-9 Medivac]] and [[C-141 Starlifter|C-141B]] planes to [[Andersen Air Force Base]] in the north of the United States territory of [[Guam]], then flying to Hickam Air Force Base in [[Hawaii]] where Marcos finally arrived on February 26. The United States Government documented that they entered the United States with millions of dollars in jewelries, gold, stocks, and cash. <ref name="Gandhi"/><ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness"/>

When news of the Marcos family's departure reached civilians, many rejoiced and danced in the streets. Over at [[Mendiola]], the demonstrators stormed the Palace, which was closed to ordinary people for around a decade. Despite looting by some angry protesters, the majority wandered about inside through rooms where national history was shaped, looking at objects extravagant and mundane that the Marcos clan and its court had abandoned in their flight.{{Citation needed|date=February 2011}}

In other countries, people also rejoiced and congratulated Filipinos they knew. [[CBS]] anchorman [[Bob Simon]] reported: "We Americans like to think we taught the Filipinos democracy. Well, tonight they are teaching the world." <ref name="peoplepower_eyewitness"/>

Some authors say that Marcos prevented civil war similar to the [[Syrian Civil War]] by refusing to use guns notwithstanding the insistence of his top general, and by agreeing to step down during the EDSA revolution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manilatimes.net/level-duterte-drop-scourge-syrian-civil-war/291350/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-01-10 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112181957/http://www.manilatimes.net/level-duterte-drop-scourge-syrian-civil-war/291350/ |archivedate=January 12, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://thestandard.com.ph/opinion/columns/hail-to-the-chair-by-victor-avecilla/226306/why-the-reds-hate-marcos-20170110.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-02-24 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112181419/http://thestandard.com.ph/opinion/columns/hail-to-the-chair-by-victor-avecilla/226306/why-the-reds-hate-marcos-20170110.html |archivedate=January 12, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The White House said "By leaving the Philippines at a critical juncture in his nation's history, Mr. Marcos permitted the peaceful transition to popular, democratic rule."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/29/obituaries/ferdinand-marcos-ousted-leader-of-philippines-dies-at-72-in-exile.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-02-11 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170112181330/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/29/obituaries/ferdinand-marcos-ousted-leader-of-philippines-dies-at-72-in-exile.html |archivedate=January 12, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

==Aftermath==
{{main|Presidency of Corazon Aquino}}
{{wikisource|Provisional Constitution of the Philippines (1986)|Proclamation № 3: Provisional Constitution of the Philippines (1986)}}

Immediately after her accession, Aquino issued Proclamation № 3, a [[provisional constitution]] which established a [[revolutionary government]]. The edict promulgated the 1986 Freedom Constitution, which retained or superseded various provisions of the 1973 Constitution that was in force up to that point. This allowed Aquino to wield both executive and legislative powers; among her first acts was to unilaterally abolish the [[Batasang Pambansa]] (the unicameral legislature [[Philippine parliamentary election, 1984|duly elected in 1984]]), pending a plebiscite for a more permanent Constitution and the establishment of a new Congress by 1987.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Joaquin G. Bernas]] |title=The Intent of the 1986 Constitution Writers|publisher=Rex Book Store|location=Manila, Philippines|year=1995|pages=2–4 }}</ref>

The revolution had an effect on [[democratization]] movements in such countries as [[Taiwan]] and [[South Korea]]; other effects include the restoration of the freedom of the press, abolition of repressive laws enforced by the previous regime, the adoption of the [[1987 Constitution]], and the subordination of the military to civilian rule, despite several coup attempts during Aquino's rule.<ref name="aftermath">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12567320 |title=People Power at 25: Long road to Philippine democracy |first=Kate |last=McGeown |work=BBC.co.uk |date=February 25, 2011 |accessdate=February 25, 2011 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110226073508/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12567320 |archivedate=February 26, 2011 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The revolution provided for the restoration of democratic institutions after thirteen years of totalitarian rule and these institutions have been used by various groups to challenge the entrenched [[Political family|political families]] and to strengthen Philippine democracy.<ref>{{Citation |last=Putzel |first=James |authorlink= |year=Spring 1999 |month= |title=Survival of an imperfect democracy in the Philippines |journal=Democratization |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=198–223 |id= |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a782511206~db=all |accessdate=December 4, 2007 |quote= |doi=10.1080/13510349908403603 |postscript=. |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080217155840/http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a782511206~db=all |archivedate=February 17, 2008 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

But, the biggest gatherings in the world, a few months after the 1986 revolution, like the anniversary celebration of [[Catholic Charismatic Renewal]] group [[El Shaddai (movement)|El Shaddai]] headed by [[Mike Velarde|Bro. Mike Velarde]] in August and the [[Evangelical charismatic movement|Evangelical Charismatic Christian]] group [[Jesus is Lord Church]] to coincidence with the birthday celebration of televangelist [[Eddie Villanueva|Bro. Eddie Villanueva]] in October at the [[Quirino Grandstand]], a few years before the January 12-16, 1995 Manila visit of [[Pope John Paul II]] for the [[World Youth Day 1995|10th World Youth Day 1995 (Manila)]], when the largest papal crowd in history and the [[Independence_Day_(Philippines)#Centennial]] celebration on June 12, 1998 attended by more than four million people and the [[Pope Francis' visit to the Philippines|State Visit and Apostolic Journey of His Holiness Pope Francis to the Philippines 2015]] closing mass on January 18, 2015, both are the biggest and the largest gatherings in the world, not only in the Philippines.<ref>[http://www.asianews.it/newsen/The-Philippines,-1995:-Pope-dreams-of-the-Third-Millennium-of-Asia-2947.html PHILIPPINES – TRIPS IN ASIA – AN OVERVIEW The Philippines, 1995: Pope dreams of "the Third Millennium of Asia" – Asia News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

==Legacy==
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Edsa People Power monument.jpg|thumbnail|Statue commemorating the revolution along EDSA near the entrance of Camp Aguinaldo.]] -->
The People Power Revolution has inspired a call for change of government through peaceful protests rather than bloodshed.  Many similar revolutions have followed since then, taking the Philippine example of nonviolent regime change, such as that in [[Fall of the Berlin Wall|East Germany]] and many other former Soviet Bloc countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/02/24/comment-remembering-philippines-people-power-revolution |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2017-05-16 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221214001/http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2014/02/24/comment-remembering-philippines-people-power-revolution |archivedate=December 21, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>

The EDSA Revolution Anniversary is a special [[public holiday in the Philippines]].  Since 2010, the holiday has been a special non-working holiday.<ref name="pn295">[http://www.gov.ph/2011/11/24/proclamation-no-295-s-2011/ Proclamation No. 295: Declaring 2012 National Holidays] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117171806/http://www.gov.ph/2011/11/24/proclamation-no-295-s-2011/ |date=January 17, 2013 }}, December 12, 2011, Official Gazette of the Philippines</ref><ref name="p1841">{{cite web |url=http://www.laborlaw.usc-law.org/download/pdf/2010_Holidays.pdf |title=Proclamation No. 1841 |date=July 21, 2009 |website=Philippine Labor Laws |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010145524/http://www.laborlaw.usc-law.org/download/pdf/2010_Holidays.pdf |archivedate=October 10, 2017 |df=mdy-all }}</ref>
[[File:People Power Revolution commemorative 10-peso coin obverse and reverse.png|right|thumbnail|10-peso coin commemorating the People Power Revolution]]

Rampant corruption during the term of President [[Joseph Estrada]] led to the similar [[Second EDSA Revolution]] leading to his resignation from the presidency.

On January 19, 2001, the [[Armed Forces of the Philippines]], seeing the political upheaval throughout the country, decided to withdraw its support from the president and transfer its allegiance to the vice president, [[Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]]. The following day, the Supreme Court declared that the seat of presidency was vacant.

At noon of January 20, 2001, the Supreme Court declared that Estrada "constructively resigned" his post and the Chief Justice swore in the constitutional successor [[Vice President of the Philippines|Vice President]] [[Gloria Macapagal Arroyo|Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo]] was sworn into office by [[Supreme Court of the Philippines|Supreme Court]] Chief Justice [[Hilario Davide Jr.|Hilario G. Davide Jr.]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://opinion.inquirer.net/92289/sc-arroyo-takeover-constitutional|title=SC: Arroyo takeover constitutional|last=Panganiban|first=Artemio V.|date=January 24, 2016|work=Inquirer|access-date=2018-04-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2015/01/27/1417225/erap-resigned-president-cant-run-again-lawyer|title=Erap resigned as president, can't run again — lawyer|last=Diaz|first=Jess|date=January 27, 2015|website=Philstar|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-04-27}}</ref>

In 2003, the ''Radio Broadcast of the Philippine People Power Revolution'' was inscribed in the [[UNESCO]] [[Memory of the World Register]], the official documentary heritage list of the [[United Nations]]' educational and scientific body.<ref>http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/flagship-project-activities/memory-of-the-world/register/full-list-of-registered-heritage/registered-heritage-page-7/radio-broadcast-of-the-philippine-people-power-revolution/#c188230 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824190648/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/flagship-project-activities/memory-of-the-world/register/full-list-of-registered-heritage/registered-heritage-page-7/radio-broadcast-of-the-philippine-people-power-revolution/ |date=August 24, 2015 }}</ref>

On September 12, 2007, [[Trial of Joseph Estrada|Estrada was found guilty of plunder]] beyond reasonable doubt by the [[Sandiganbayan|Philippine anti-graft court]] and sentenced to life imprisonment.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/84269/estradas-plunder-conviction-remembered|title=Estrada’s plunder conviction remembered|last=Rodis|first=Rodel|date=August 28, 2013|work=Inquirer|access-date=2018-04-27|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/nation/60117/erap-guilty-of-plunder-sentenced-to-reclusion-perpetua/story/|title=Erap guilty of plunder, sentenced to reclusion perpetua|last=|first=|date=September 12, 2007|work=GMA News Online|access-date=2018-04-27|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Sturcke"/> He was pardoned by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on October 25, 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-philippines-estrada-idUKMNB0007120071025|title=Former Philippine president Estrada pardoned|last=Mogato|first=Manny|date=October 25, 2007|work=Reuters|access-date=2018-04-27|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name=":2" />

==Timeline==
{{main|Timeline of People Power Revolution}}

==See also==
*[[EDSA (road)|Epifanio de los Santos Avenue]] for more information about the road
*[[Handog ng Pilipino sa Mundo]]
*[[EDSA Shrine]]
*[[People Power Monument]]

'''General:'''
* [[Timeline of the Marcos Dictatorship]]

'''Similar events:'''
*[[EDSA II]]
*[[EDSA III]]
*[[Protests against Rodrigo Duterte]]
* [[Gdańsk Agreement]] of 1980 and [[Polish Round Table Agreement|Round Table Agreement]] of 1989, both induced by peaceful protests in Poland by [[Solidarity (Polish trade union)|Solidarity]]
*[[Tiananmen Square protests of 1989]]
*[[Romanian Revolution]]
*[[Velvet Revolution]], in Czechoslovakia
*[[8888 Uprising]], in Burma (now Myanmar)
*[[May 1998 riots of Indonesia]]
*[[Iranian Revolution]]
*[[Tunisian Revolution]]
*[[Egyptian Revolution of 2011]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Commons category}}

==Bibliography==
*Baron, Cynthia S. and Suazo, Melba M. ''Nine Letters: The Story of the 1986 Filipino Revolution.'' Quezon City, Philippines. Gerardo P. Baron Books. 1986.
*Johnson, Brian. ''The Four Days of Courage: The Untold Story of the People Who Brought Marcos Down.'' Toronto, Canada. McClelland and Stewart, 1987.
*Mendoza, Amado, '"People Power" in the Philippines, 1983–86', in [[Adam Roberts (scholar)|Adam Roberts]] and [[Timothy Garton Ash]] (eds.), [http://web.archive.bibalex.org/web/20111208132001/http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199552016.do ''Civil Resistance and Power Politics: The Experience of Non-violent Action from Gandhi to the Present''], Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-19-955201-6}}.  [https://web.archive.org/web/20110629175120/http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Politics/ComparativePolitics/?view=usa&ci=9780199552016 ''US edition'']. [https://books.google.com/books?id=BxOQKrCe7UUC&dq=Civil+resistance+and+power+politics&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''On Google''].
*Mercado, Paul Sagmayao, and Tatad, Francisco S. ''People Power: The Philippine Revolution of 1986: An eyewitness history.'' Manila, Philippines. The James B. Reuter, S.J., Foundation. 1986.
*Schock, Kurt. ''Unarmed Insurrections: People Power Movements in Nondemocracies.'' Minneapolis, USA. University of Minnesota Press. 2005.
{{Martial EDSA  |state=expanded}}
{{Fall of Communism}}
{{Cold War}}
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{{Philippine national holidays}}

[[Category:People Power Revolution| ]]
[[Category:1986 in the Philippines]]
[[Category:1980s coups d'état and coup attempts]]
[[Category:20th-century revolutions]]
[[Category:Armed Forces of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Battles and conflicts without fatalities]]
[[Category:Colour revolutions]]
[[Category:Presidency of Ferdinand Marcos]]
[[Category:History of the Philippines (1965–86)]]
[[Category:History of Metro Manila]]
[[Category:Imelda Marcos]]
[[Category:Military history of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Nonviolent revolutions]]
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[[Category:February 1986 events]]