30 years of news reportage

First Decade (February 11, 1987 to February 10, 1996)

The first year following the EDSA People Power Revolution, from February 22 to 25, 1986, was both jubilant and tumultuous. It marked a profound transformation in the Philippines, signifying a break from over two decades of authoritarian rule under Ferdinand Marcos. The revolution was not just a political event; it was a historical declaration of the people's desire for sovereignty, democracy, and a government that reflected their will. It was a time of national pride but also a confusing phase of adjustment for a society that had transitioned into a new era of freedom, particularly the freedom of the press and expression. Many citizens who had lived under censorship and repression now faced the exhilarating yet daunting challenges of a vibrant democracy.

During this period, civil society organizations began to flourish, engaging in discussions about rights, responsibilities, and governance. Citizens were emboldened to speak out about their grievances and aspirations. The media landscape transformed dramatically, as new publications and broadcasts began to emerge, each seeking to shape the conversation around the nation’s future. However, this newfound freedom was accompanied by the challenges of ensuring that the press could operate without the lingering fears of suppression or retaliation. Efforts to promote responsible journalism became crucial in guiding the public discourse towards positive nation-building.

The first issue of The Manila Standard was published on February 11, 1987, representing a significant milestone in Philippine journalism. As the first newspaper to flourish in the post-revolutionary context, its impact was substantial in giving a voice to the people and holding the administration accountable. The headlines included stories that highlighted the realities of life in the Philippines, from grassroots movements advocating for social justice to the ongoing tensions between various factions. One of the critical articles in this issue was about a clash between the New People’s Army (NPA) rebels and military forces. This ongoing conflict underscored a troubling reality for the Aquino administration, which had come to power on a promise of peace, unity, and reconciliation after years of conflict. 

The NPA, which had its roots in the dominant communist movement in the Philippines, continued to engage with the state through armed struggle. This prompted questions about how effectively the new government could navigate the complexities of a multifaceted conflict while striving to retain legitimacy in the eyes of the Filipino people. The assurances made by the late President Corazon Aquino to army colonels that there were no Red advisers in the government showcased the precarious balance between rebuilding a nation and confronting the remnants of insurrection. Furthermore, these declarations responded to the broader public's anxieties regarding the potential re-emergence of authoritarian practices, especially as many Filipinos were wary of any signs suggesting that the fight against tyranny might give way to another form of repressive governance.

As the Aquino administration grapples with these realities, societal sectors began organizing themselves, demanding reforms focused on democratic processes, human rights, and social equity. Activists, journalists, and ordinary citizens started to recognize that while they had ousted a dictator, the struggle for genuine democracy was ongoing. Institutions that had been dormant under martial rule were invigorated as people campaigned for enhanced accountability, transparency, and independent governance. 

There were also grassroots movements that emphasized the importance of local governance structures and community empowerment. Individuals who had long been marginalized began to find a voice as community assemblies and local councils emerged in various provinces, promoting dialogues that reflected their experiences. This bottom-up approach to democracy underscored the need to empower citizens by not only demanding accountability but also ensuring their active participation in the governance process. 

Challenges, however, were not limited to the political landscape. The economy, still reeling from years of mismanagement and corruption under Marcos's regime, required significant attention and reshaping. The people’s optimism was often tempered by the harsh realities of economic instability, unemployment, and the need for comprehensive reform in various sectors, including agriculture, education, and health care. As the government sought to revitalize these sectors, issues of land reform became a central point of discussion, particularly as the agrarian crisis highlighted deep-rooted inequalities and insecurities among rural farmers.

Furthermore, the international community watched with keen interest as the Philippines navigated its post-revolutionary phase. Various foreign governments and organizations offered assistance, intrigued by the prospects of a democratic nation emerging in Southeast Asia. This foreign interest brought both opportunities and risks, as the Filipino government had to strike a balance between accepting aid that would support development while maintaining autonomy over its domestic affairs.

Amid these changes, the media continued to play a pivotal role, reporting not just on political and social issues but also serving as a platform for civic education. Newspapers, radio, and television programs dedicated themselves to informing the public about their rights and responsibilities in a democratic society. Editorials and opinion pieces encouraged critical discussions about governance, underscoring the importance of an informed citizenry in sustaining democracy. 

The aftermath of the EDSA Revolution laid the foundation for a dynamic and, at times, contentious political landscape in the Philippines. As the first year unfolded, the complex interplay of hope, uncertainty, and activism continued to shape the direction of the nation. Ultimately, the story of the Philippines post-EDSA was not merely one of a new administration, but of a people redefining their identity and asserting their role in the ongoing journey toward a more equitable, just, and democratic society.

Manila Standard’s first issue rolled off the press on February 11, 1987

By August 1987, the newspaper covered a coup attempt by rebel soldiers, said to be the bloodiest of the six attempts against President Cory Aquino, with 50 people killed and 200 wounded. This period in Philippine history was fraught with political turmoil and instability, marking a significant chapter in the nation’s ongoing struggle for democracy after the fall of Ferdinand Marcos’ dictatorship. The coup attempt unfolded against a backdrop of deep societal divisions and unrest, revealing the lengths to which certain factions would go to oppose Aquino's administration. Following the 1986 People Power Revolution, which ousted Marcos, Aquino faced a host of challenges from various groups who believed that her government had not sufficiently addressed the pressing issues of poverty, land reform, and corruption. 

1987 also saw the crash of Philippine Airlines PR 206 into a mountain in Benguet, tragically resulting in the death of 50 passengers. This incident served as a painful reminder of the risks associated with aviation travel in the Philippines at the time. The aviation industry faced significant scrutiny regarding safety standards and operational protocols. Following the crash, numerous investigations were launched to determine the causes and to implement measures aimed at enhancing safety regulations. This disaster prompted a collective reflection on aviation practices within the country and highlighted the urgent need for greater accountability and improvement within the Philippine transport sector. 

This year was marked by even more profound tragedy with the sinking of the passenger ferry MV Doña Paz when it collided with the oil tanker MT Vector at Tablas Strait, resulting in the deaths of a staggering 4,341 passengers and crew. This maritime disaster became one of the deadliest maritime tragedies in history, raising questions about safety regulations in the ferry industry and the enforcement of maritime laws. The sheer scale of the tragedy shocked the nation and devastated countless families, prompting widespread calls for accountability, better regulation of maritime safety standards, and improvements in emergency preparedness in case of future incidents. The public outcry in the aftermath of this disaster signified a profound demand for reform and a reassessment of operational protocols to ensure that such incidents would never happen again.

On a much brighter note, San Lorenzo Ruiz, the first Filipino saint, was canonized on October 18, 1987. His canonization was a momentous event for the predominantly Catholic nation, serving as a source of national pride and inspiration. St. Lorenzo Ruiz’s life story embodies faith, resilience, and the immigrant experience, symbolizing the struggles and triumphs of many Filipinos. He was martyred in Japan during a time of intense persecution against Christians, which resonates deeply within the Filipino psyche, given the country's own history of colonialism and struggle for identity. His canonization provided a unifying point for many Filipinos, offering a sense of hope that transcended the political and social turmoil of the time. Celebrations and religious observances took place nationwide, reflecting a collective sense of joy and a renewed commitment to spirituality and community values.

The juxtaposition of these events in 1987—the violent coup attempt, devastating transport disasters, and the spiritual upliftment provided by San Lorenzo Ruiz’s canonization—epitomizes the complexities faced by the Philippines during this tumultuous period. The nation was simultaneously grappling with painful historical remnants while also celebrating profound cultural and spiritual milestones. Various sectors of society, from lawmakers to religious leaders, recognized the need to address these intertwined challenges with a sense of urgency and responsibility. 

As the nation looked toward solutions, discussions emerged about the necessity for better governance, enhanced community infrastructure, and increased support for societal welfare programs. The role of journalism during this time was crucial; newspapers and media outlets not only informed the public but also contributed to a culture of accountability, advocating for reforms and transparency in government operations. Investigative journalism played an essential part in uncovering various political dynamics and holding individuals in power accountable for their actions or inaction. 

Moreover, in the broader context of Southeast Asian politics during this era, the Philippines' struggle for democratization offered a lens through which other nations observed potential pathways of liberation from authoritarian rule. Regional neighbors took note of how the Aquino administration was navigating these challenges, learning from both its successes and setbacks. The transnational conversations about democracy, governance, and civic engagement underscored how interconnected the political landscapes of the region had become.

In summary, the events of 1987 encapsulate not only significant tragedies but also moments of pride that define the Philippine narrative in a particularly poignant way. This dichotomy reveals the resilience of the Filipino people as they confronted adversity while striving for progress and unity through faith and remembrance. As history moves forward, this era serves as a powerful reminder of the complex interplay between challenges and hope that defines any nation's journey toward stability and fulfillment. The legacy of these experiences is perhaps best reflected in the continued commitment of Filipinos to strive for a better future, grounded in shared values and collective strength.

February 10, 1987

A total of 18 people, including a young Army lieutenant, are killed in Barangay Namulandayan, Lupao in Nueva Ecija, near the foot of the Caraballo Mountain range, following a running gun battle between communist rebels and Army troops. The soldier is identified as Lt. Edgar Dizon. His unidentified radioman is wounded.

February 11, 1987 

Manila Standard, believing it can, among others, serve as an intellectual forum for ideas, whether clashing or complementary, clamber up the newsstands in Metro Manila.

April 18, 1987

On a Black Saturday, 56 rebel soldiers stage a raid on Fort Bonifacio but is repelled within the morning with one rebel soldier dead.

August 28, 1987

The most serious attempt to overthrow the Aquino administration is launched by members of the Reform the Armed Forces Movement led by Col. Gregorio Honasan, a former top aide of Defense Secretary Juan Ponce Enrile, with soldiers launching the attack on Malacanang. The siege is repelled, but several military personnel and civilians, including Aquino’s son Benigno III, are wounded.

Rebel soldiers also seize parts of Villamor Airbase, three TV stations in Manila, military camps in Pampanga and Cebu, and the airport in Legazpi City.

December 20, 1987

The MV Doña Paz, travelling from Leyte to Manila, and the oil tanker MT Vector collide, leaving a death toll of 4,386 people and 24 survivors, making the accident the deadliest peacetime maritime disaster in history.

A collision on December 20, 1987 between M/V Doña Paz and M/T Vector resulted in countless deaths

April 2, 1988 

The leader of the August coup attempt, Lt. Col. Gregorio Honasan, who almost toppled the administration of President Corazon Aquino, escaped from his prison ship in Manila Bay aboard two rubber boats along with 13 of his guards, according to the military.

Troops led by Col. Gregorio “Gringo’’ Honasan mounted a coup attempt on April 2, 1988

January 5, 1989

Some soldiers seize Camp Cawa-Cawa in Zamboanga City after Rizal alih kills seven people, including Gen. Eduardo Batalla and Col. Romeo Abendan of the Philippine Constabulary.

February 10, 1989

The deposition of former Public Works and Highways Minister Baltazar Aquino happened as he gave a detailed account of his role as collector for ousted President Marcos on the $4.5 million commission from Japanese traders in Hong Kong in exchange for major infrastructure contracts in the Philippines.

September 28, 1989

President Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th president of the Philippines and the longest president to stay in office, dies in his Hawaii exile at the age of 72 of kidney, heart, and lung ailments. He was ousted in a Catholic Church-backed so-called People Power revolution on February 25, 1986, and his family was transported by four Sikorsky HH-3E helicopters to Clark Air Base in Angeles City before boarding US Air Force C-130 planes bound for Andersen Air Force Base in Guam, and finally to Hickam Air Force Base in Hawaii.

October 1 to 13, 1989

Typhoon “Dan,” known in the Philippines as Typhoon “Saling,” is the third of a series of tropical cyclones that impact the Philippines in two weeks, leaving hundreds of thousands homeless and 58 dead. Super Typhoon Angela, locally known as Typhoon “Rubing,” formed in late September but had devastating wrath in early October, causing severe damage worth $8 million and leaves 119 fatalities.

Typhoon “Elsie,” named in the Philippines Typhoon “Tasing,” is one of the most intense known tropical cyclones to make landfall in the country, leaves 47 people killed and 363 injured. Damage nationwide is placed at $35.4 million and some 332,000 people lose their homes.

December 1, 1989

Three rebel T-28D Trojans rake Malacañang with rockets and gunfire, the rebel soldiers wrongly assuming they have achieved air superiority by effectively neutralizing the assets of the 5th Fighter Wing of the Philippine Air Force.

By 1990 to 1991, the world faced an oil crisis with the Persian Gulf War.  This oil price shock occurred in response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. The Philippines was affected as much of its oil was imported from Kuwait, hence prices of gasoline and other oil products went up, and there was a need to ration supply at gasoline stations. Another impact of the Gulf War was the displacement of overseas Filipino workers, particularly those who were employed in the countries in conflict.      

On July 16, 1990, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit Northern and Central Luzon, killing an estimated 1,621 people and causing damages worth P15 billion. Its epicenter was recorded in Nueva Ecija, and the shaking lasted for about a minute. This earthquake is thought to be connected to another catastrophe. When Mt. Pinatubo erupted on June 15, 1991, it became the second-largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century. It is also one of the most destructive eruptions, as it affected the densely populated areas of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga. The volcano, located at the central part of the Zambales mountain range, produced high-speed avalanches of hot ash and gas, giant mudflows, and a cloud of volcanic ash that is said to have reached as far as India.

March 4, 1990 

Suspended Cagayan Gov. Rodolfo Aguinaldo and his armed men of 200 seize Hotel Delfino in Tuguegarao as a result of the previous failed coup against President Aquino. Several hours later, a gunfight ensues intending to kill Aguinaldo and his men. At a checkpoint shootout, one of Aguinaldo’s men is found dead, including Florendo and 12 others, and 10 more are wounded.

July 16, 1990

The magnitude 7.8 earthquake produced a 125-km-long ground rupture that stretches from Dingalan, Aurora, to Cuyapo, Nueva Ecija, which resulted from strike-slip movements along the Philippine Fault and the Digdig Fault. An estimated 1,621 people are killed, most of the fatalities in Central Luzon and the Cordillera region.

October 4, 1990 

Mutinying soldiers stage a dawn raid on an army base in Mindanao. The seizure lasts for two days, ending with Brig. Gen. Danilo Lim and 21 others capitulated to the government on Oct. 6.

June 30, 1991- 20,000 Aetas uprooted by volcanic eruptions from their ancestral home on the ragged slopes of the once dormant Mount Pinatubo were resettled in Iba, Zambales by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources.

June 15, 1991 

The second-largest volcanic eruption of this century, and by far the largest eruption to affect a densely populated area, occurs at Mount Pinatubo, an active stratovolcano in the Cabusilan Mountains near the tripoint of Zambales, Tarlac, and Pampanga. The eruption after more than 600 years produces high-speed avalanches of hot ash and gas, giant mudflows, and a cloud of volcanic ash hundreds of miles across. More than 350 people die during the eruption, most of them from collapsing roofs. The disease that breaks out in evacuation camps and the continuing mud flows in the area cause additional deaths, bringing the total death toll to 722 people.

June 15, 1991- Mt Pinatubo eruption results in a rain of hot volcanic ash.

May 11, 1992

Presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections are held, the first general elections under the 1987 Constitution with an estimated 80,000 candidates running for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councilors. Retired Gen. Fidel Ramos of Lakas-NUCD wins a six-year term as President by a small margin, narrowly defeating populist candidate Miriam Defensor Santiago of People’s Reform Party.

July 2, 1993

The annual Bocaue River Festival in Bocaue, Bulacan, is marred by the sinking of a floating pagoda, the centerpiece of the festivities, which results in the drowning of more than 200 devotees.

The Festival is a celebration held every first Sunday of July in Bocaue in honor of the Holy Cross, the Mahal na Poon ng Krus sa Wawa, found in the river in 1850.

September 24, 1993

Former First Lady Imelda R. Marcos was found by the Sandiganbayan guilty of corruption and sentenced to 18 to 24 years in prison. The conviction comes seven years after she and her husband, Ferdinand Marcos, were hounded out of the Philippines in the EDSA Revolution on February 25, 1986. Outside the packed courtroom, crowds of her supporters hold vigil; opposite them, hundreds of anti-Marcos protesters cheer her conviction.

These 10 years were not full of bad news, thankfully. The Philippines first made its connection to the internet on March 29, 1994, when the Philippine Network Foundation (PHNet) connected to Sprint in the United States via a 64 kbit/s link.

December 11, 1994

The Bojinka plot, a large-scale, three-phase attack planned by Islamists Ramzi Yousef and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed for January 1995 to assassinate Pope John Paul II during his visit to the Philippines, was uncovered after a chemical fire drew the Philippine National Police's attention. The plan calls for the blowing up of 11 airliners in flight from Asia to the United States, which is expected to kill about 4,000 passengers and shut down air travel around the world, and crashing a plane into the headquarters of the CIA in Fairfax County, Virginia.

January 10 to 15, 1995

Pope John Paul II presided over World Youth Day, a Catholic youth festival held in the Philippines that year. It is the first time an Asian country is hosting the event. This was the second visit of Pope John Paul to the country. He came in 1981 to beatify Lorenzo Ruiz.

Second decade (February 10, 1996-February 9, 2006)

The second decade of the Manila Standard’s reportage started out with an economic downturn. The Asian Financial Crisis hit in 1997 as a series of currency devaluations that started with Thailand, causing stock market declines and reduced import revenues. The Manila Standard kept vigil on the effects of the crisis, monitoring its effect on the local economy, which was thankfully mitigated by its export growth and a large overseas workforce remitting foreign currency.

The world was shocked and saddened by the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in a car crash in Paris on August 31, 1997. Her death was met with extraordinary public expressions of grief, and her funeral at Westminster Abbey on September 6 drew an estimated 3 million mourners and onlookers in London and 2.5 billion people on television worldwide. Mother Teresa of Calcutta’s death followed shortly after Diana’s. The Albanian-Indian Roman Catholic nun and missionary died in India at the age of 87. The media dubbed September 5, 1997, a double day of mourning, as the world was still reeling from Diana’s untimely death.      

1998 marked a whole year of celebrations for the Philippine Centennial or the 100th Anniversary of Philippine Independence. Then, President Fidel V. Ramos led a host of activities centered around the theme 100 Kalayaan: Kayamanan ng Bayan (1898-1998). Among the highlights of the celebration were a Reception for the Heads of State, Exhibits, Cultural Shows, Trade Fairs, a Fireworks display competition, and the re-enactment of the Kawit flag raising on June 12, and a Balikabayan Centennial Ball on June 13.

“Baka ma-Echegaray ka” was a warning and a buzzword on the streets around February 5, 1999. House painter Leo Echegaray was the first Filipino to be meted out the death penalty after its reinstatement in the Philippines in 1993. He was executed by lethal injection at the New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City after being found guilty of the rape of his stepdaughter, Baby Echegaray, who was 10 years old at the time of the crime.  

Leo Echegaray was the first Filipino to be meted out the death penalty. He died by lethal injection on February 5, 1999.

On August 3, 1999, at least 58 people died after a massive landslide occurred in the Cherry Hills subdivision in Antipolo City, Rizal province. News coverage showed shocked and distraught relatives and the victims’ bodies being carried away, with politicians visiting the site to offer relief and promising to look into the tragedy. This eventually paved the way for stricter laws and ordinances on housing and more accountability on the part of real estate developers.

March 24, 1996

The Marcopper Mining Disaster in Marinduque was one of the largest mining disasters in Philippine history. A fracture in the drainage tunnel of a large pit containing leftover mine tailings leads to a discharge of toxic mine waste into the Makulapnit-Boac river system and causes flash floods in areas along the river. One village, Barangay Hinapulan, is buried in six feet of muddy floodwater, causing the displacement of 400 families. Twenty other villages are evacuated. Drinking water is contaminated, killing fish and freshwater shrimp. Large animals like cows, pigs, and sheep are overcome and killed. The flooding destroys crops and irrigation channels. Following the disaster, the Boac River is declared unusable.

April 21, 1997

Former President Diosdado Macapagal, the ninth President (1961-1965) and the sixth Vice President (1957-1961), dies. He ran for re-election in 1965 but was beaten by Ferdinand Marcos, during whose incumbency he was elected president of the Constitutional Convention, which drafted the 1973 Constitution, succeeding another former president, Carlos Garcia, who died on June 14, 1971.

June to September 1998

The dry spell begins in June, its effects continuing to be felt through September 1998 in 16 regions, while the country is enjoying a continuous four-year growth; damage to agriculture amounts to P9.46 billion.

June 12, 1998

Independence Day, also known as Araw ng Kalayaan, or Day of Freedom, marks the Philippine Declaration of Independence from Spain on June 12, 1898. Since 1962, it has been the country’s National Day.

The day of the celebration of independence has varied throughout the nation’s history. The earliest recorded was on April 12, 1895, when Andres Bonifacio, along with Emilio Jacinto, Restituto Javier, Guillermo Masangkay, Aurelio Tolentino, Faustino Manalak, Pedro Zabala, anda  few other Katipuneros went to Pamitinan Cave in Montalban, Rizal to initiate new members of the Katipunan. 

August 3, 1999

A massive landslide, caused by approaching typhoon Olga, occurred in Cherry Hills subdivision in Antipolo, Rizal, resulting in 60 people dead and 378 houses buried. The subdivision became a death trap when its foundation was filled with water, and the whole complex slid down the hill on which it was built.

Two Philippine Presidents in succession had the tide of popularity turn against them, and both their administrations were rocked by scandals that were widely reported in the media. From November 13, 2000, to January 17, 2001, President Joseph Ejercito Estrada underwent an impeachment trial in an anti-graft court, on accusations that he was the recipient of large sums of “jueteng” money, an illegal numbers game that has long been a subject of controversy in the Philippines. Jueteng has deep roots in Philippine culture, often being perceived as a vice that thrives on the country's socio-economic challenges, and Estrada's alleged involvement brought to light broader issues of corruption and governance in the nation. After the trial was aborted, people took to the streets to protest in what was called EDSA Dos, from January 16 to 20, 2001. Fueled by discontent over Estrada's perceived malfeasance, the movement attracted thousands of citizens, including notable political opponents, activists, and civil society groups, showcasing the Filipino people's increasing intolerance for corruption in their government. The collective outrage culminated in a significant shift in political power, effectively overthrowing the government of Estrada, thereby marking a pivotal moment in the country's political landscape. The thirteenth President of the Philippines was succeeded by his Vice-President, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who was sworn into office by then-Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. on January 20, 2001.

After finishing the term of ousted President Estrada, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo ran in the 2004 national elections and won. Her victory, however, was marred by allegations of cheating, reflecting a persistent theme of electoral fraud that had plagued Philippine elections in the past. The nature of these accusations was further heightened when audio recordings of her in a conversation with then Election Commissioner Virgilio Garcillano, allegedly discussing the rigging of the 2004 national election results, were released to the public. The “Hello Garci” tapes quickly became infamous, sparking intense scrutiny and renewed public protests against her presidency. These allegations not only questioned the integrity of Arroyo's administration but also raised significant concerns about the electoral process in the country. The fallout from the revelations led to extensive debates surrounding accountability in governance, as well as the fundamental principles of democracy.

In response to growing unrest, the President felt compelled to address the nation directly, leading her to make a public apology on television, where she uttered the infamous line, “I am sorry.” This statement was met with mixed reactions. For some, it signified a willingness to take responsibility; for others, it appeared too little and too late, serving primarily as a strategic maneuver to quell the mounting discontent. The apology marked a critical moment in her presidency and illustrated the delicate and often tumultuous relationship between accountability and public perception. Despite her attempt to restore faith in her leadership, the specter of dishonesty continued to loom, and the implications of her early years in office lingered unresolved.

Arroyo and her husband had already been implicated by Jun Lozada in a graft case called the ZTE scandal, which involved a $329-million National Broadband Network (NBN) deal with Chinese telecommunications giant ZTE. The alleged corruption within this deal brought to light significant issues within the sphere of public-private partnerships in the Philippines, as well as the complicity of certain government officials in facilitating these questionable agreements. Various testimonies and investigations suggested a convoluted web of kickbacks and misuse of public funds, prompting calls for further transparency and reforms in dealing with foreign investments and contracts. As if her political career was not rocked sufficiently, a plunder case was filed against Arroyo at the Sandiganbayan for misuse of P366 million in Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office (PCSO) intelligence funds from 2008 to 2010, heightening the atmosphere of distrust that had been building during her presidency.

Each of these controversies contributed to a larger narrative of corruption that plagued the political scene in the Philippines, raising critical questions about leadership ethics and the mechanisms of accountability. The interactions between these two administrations serve as a stark reminder of the fragile nature of political power and the essential role of public scrutiny. The significant incidents during Estrada's and Arroyo's administrations highlighted systemic issues within the Philippine political system, including the vulnerabilities of democratic institutions against corruption and abuse of power. 

The implications of these events extend beyond individual administrations and reflect the broader societal context, influencing public sentiment and shaping the discourse around governance in the Philippines. As civil society grew increasingly aware of the deficiencies in its leadership structures, citizens became more engaged in political activism, establishing a foundation for future movements opposing corruption.

Moreover, the legacy of both Estrada’s and Arroyo’s presidencies continues to influence the political dynamics in the Philippines today. New leaders often find themselves scrutinized under the shadow of their predecessors, inheriting the ongoing challenges of public corruption, governance, and the need for reforms. The interactions between leadership and the populace are continually evolving, and public demand for accountability remains a critical aspect of the Philippine democracy that ensures future governments address the lessons of the past.

Ultimately, the trajectory of these two administrations provides insight not only into the nature of political power in the Philippines but also into the resilience of its people who persistently advocate for a more transparent and accountable government. As history unfolds, the lessons learned from Estrada and Arroyo's tenures continue to resonate, shaping the Philippine political landscape for years to come.

October 4, 2000

Luis “Chavit” Singson, one of President Joseph Estrada’s closest friends, exposes the latter’s alleged links to illegal gambling. This is followed by a privilege speech in the Senate by Sen. Teofisto Guingona, who delivers the now-known “I accuse” speech.

October 4, 2000- Luis ‘Chavit‘ Singson testifies against former President Joseph Estrada during his impeachment trial

December 30, 2000

A series of bombings – now known as the Rizal Day bombings – occurred in close succession within a span of a few hours in Metro Manila, with 22 fatalities and around 100 more suffering non-fatal injuries.

Eight died here, inside coach no. 1037 of the Light Rail Transit as it approached the Blumentritt station on December 30, 2000, as a series of blasts rocked the rail system in what is now known as the Rizal Day Bombing

January 16 to 20, 2001

The Second EDSA Revolution, a four-day political protest, peacefully overthrew the government of Joseph Estrada, the 13th President of the Philippines. This event marked a significant moment in Philippine history where citizens, united by a desire for change and transparency, gathered once again at the iconic Epifanio de los Santos Avenue (EDSA) in Metro Manila. The momentum of the demonstration was fueled not just by political motivations but by widespread discontent with corruption, poverty, and social inequality, which had plagued the Estrada administration. Ultimately, he was succeeded by Vice President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who was officially sworn into office by Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. at noon on January 20, marking a transition that many hoped would restore faith in the government and the democratic process.

May 27, 2001

In a stark contrast to the previous political upheaval, members of the bandit gang Abu Sayyaf seized 20 hostages from the Dos Palmas, an affluent resort located on a private island in Palawan’s Honday Bay. Among the hostages were two American citizens, Guillermo Sobero and Martin Burnham, whose plight attracted international attention. The hostage crisis led to significant military engagement, and at least 22 Filipino soldiers were killed in various attempts to arrest the captors and liberate the hostages over the following 12 months. The violent clashes resulted in an unknown number of captors also being killed by government forces, highlighting the ongoing complexity of security issues in the southern Philippines and the challenges the government faced in effectively addressing terrorism and insurgency.

September 11, 2001

Four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States killed 2,996 people, injured 6,000 others, and caused at least $10 billion in property and infrastructure damage, with total costs estimated to reach $3 trillion. On that fateful day, 19 members of al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners and carried out suicide attacks against major targets in the United States. Two of the planes slammed into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, while a third plane hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, D.C. The fourth plane, United Airlines Flight 93, crashed in a field in Pennsylvania after passengers attempted to retake control. This tragic day resulted in the death of over 3,000 individuals, including more than 400 police officers and firefighters, and marked the beginning of a global campaign against terrorism.

2002

February 26, 2002

Deposed President Joseph Estrada admitted to having signed “the Jose Velarde” secret account of P500 million in Equitable-PCI Bank, presenting a troubling image of financial impropriety that contributed to public distrust in his administration. Despite his confession, Estrada insisted that he merely signed as a guarantor of a loan being secured by one of his businessman friends, the plastics king William Gatchalian, illustrating the tenuous relationship between political figures and business interests in the Philippines. 

October 4, 2003

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo declared in December 2002 that she would not contest the May 2004 presidential election. However, today she reversed this decision and announced her intention to run, further intensifying the political landscape in a country fraught with instability and division.

November 20, 2003

Pedro Yap, who briefly served for two and a half months as Chief Justice from April 19, 1988, to June 30, 1988, has passed away, reflecting the loss of judicial figures who played vital roles in shaping Philippine law and governance.

June 5, 2004

Ronald Reagan, the 40th President of the United States, dies after having suffered from Alzheimer’s disease for nearly a decade, marking the passing of a significant figure in both American history and international relations, particularly in the context of U.S.-Philippine relations during his presidency.

June 20, 2004

In the presidential election, incumbent President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo secured a full six-year term with a margin of just over one million votes against her leading opponent, the highly popular movie actor Fernando Poe, Jr. This narrow victory, with a 3.48-percent margin, is noted as the closest in Philippine presidential election history. It was a pivotal moment for Arroyo, as this marked the first time she was elected to the office. Previously, she assumed the presidency on January 20, 2001, following the ousting of former president Joseph Estrada through the four-day EDSA People Power Revolution, thus displaying the unpredictable nature of political transitions in the Philippines.

October 13, 2004

Enrique Fernando, the 13th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, dies after serving in the Supreme Court for 18 years, including six years as Chief Justice. His tenure was marked by significant decisions that shaped Philippine jurisprudence, notably in areas concerning human rights and the integrity of the judiciary. Fernando was revered not only for his legal acumen but also for his firm stance on issues of justice and social equity. His commitment to upholding the rule of law and his ethical standards made a lasting impact on the legal landscape of the country. The appointment of a new Chief Justice following his passing was nothing short of a pivotal moment, as it would steer the court towards facing emerging legal challenges in a rapidly evolving society.

December 14, 2004

Ronald Allan Kelley Poe, known as Fernando Poe, Jr., and colloquially known as FPJ and Da King, dies. His long career as an action film star earned him the nickname “King of Philippine Movies” (often shortened to Da King). FPJ's contributions to the Filipino entertainment industry are manifold, extending beyond just acting to encompass writing, directing, and producing films that resonated deeply with the masses. His portrayal of heroic characters in numerous action films made him a cultural icon, symbolizing resilience and courage. Not only was FPJ a beloved figure in the realm of cinema, but his foray into politics, highlighted by his presidential candidacy in 2004, also reflected his deep connection with the Filipino people, as he endeavored to translate his cinematic heroism into real-life public service. His untimely death was met with an outpouring of grief, with fans mourning the loss of a true legend who had shaped the cultural identity of a nation.

February 14, 2005

Three separate but successive explosions occurred in the busy cities of Makati, Davao, and General Santos. Also known as the Philippines’s mini-9/11 – a reference to the US attacks by terrorists – because of the sequential nature of the attacks, the Valentine’s Day bombings coincide with the birthday of Kris Aquino, a movie actress and the youngest sister of President Benigno Aquino III. The bombings, which targeted urban centers known for their commercial and social activity, sent shockwaves through the nation, plunging the public into a state of fear and uncertainty. 

The Makati City blast resulted in the death of four persons and the wounding of 60 others. The Davao City and General Santos bombings, on the other hand, caused the death of another four persons and injury of at least 30 others, underscoring the widespread impact of these horrific events. The immediate aftermath saw the government ramping up security measures across the country, reflecting a stark recognition of the growing threat posed by terrorism.

Only 30 minutes after the Makati City bombing, the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), through its spokesperson, Abu Sulaiman, claims responsibility for these attacks as “Valentine's gifts” to President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. The ASG also regards the three bombings as retaliation “to continued government atrocities” against Muslims in the Southern Philippines. This assertion not only highlighted the ongoing conflict in Mindanao but also served to galvanize public discourse around issues of terrorism, regional instability, and government accountability. The Philippine government faced increasing pressure to devise effective counter-terrorism strategies while also addressing the grievances of marginalized communities in the south.

June 6, 2005

The Hello Garci scandal (or just Hello Garci), also known as Gloriagate, is described as a political scandal and electoral crisis involving President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, who allegedly rigged the national election in her favor. The official results gave Arroyo and TV newsreader Noli de Castro the presidency and vice presidency, respectively. The controversial nature of this election raised significant questions about the integrity of political processes within the Philippines, instigating widespread public outrage and protests. Revelations during the scandal highlighted severe flaws in the electoral system and sparked a national conversation about transparency and fairness in governance.

January 12, 2006

A stampede during the Stoning of the Devil ritual on the last day of the Hajj in Mina, Saudi Arabia, kills 362 pilgrims. This tragic event underscored the potential dangers associated with mass gatherings, particularly in the context of religious pilgrimages, where large crowds can easily lead to chaos and accidents. The Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam and commands the participation of millions annually. Following this tragedy, discussions around crowd management, safety protocols, and the capacity of religious sites became paramount, as authorities sought to prevent similar incidents in the future.

February 3, 2006

Egyptian passenger ferry MS al-Salam Boccaccio 98, carrying more than 1,400 people, sank in the Red Sea off the Saudi coast, with only 388 rescued. This maritime disaster raised critical questions regarding maritime safety standards and regulatory oversight in the region. It revealed the vulnerabilities faced by travelers at sea, especially in areas known for fluctuating weather conditions. The tragedy called for an urgent review of safety protocols across maritime operations worldwide, with an emphasis on ensuring that passenger vessels are equipped and prepared to deal with emergencies effectively.

February 17, 2006

A massive rock slide-debris avalanche occurs in Guinsaugon, Southern Leyte, causing widespread damage and 1,126 deaths after 10 days of heavy rain and a 2.6 magnitude earthquake. This catastrophic event highlighted the increasing vulnerability of communities to natural disasters, particularly those situated in geologically unstable areas. The rescue and recovery efforts that followed were harrowing, illustrating the challenges faced by responders in the wake of such a disaster. Local and international aid agencies mobilized resources to provide relief and support, yet the devastating impact on families and communities raised critical issues around disaster preparedness, urban planning in vulnerable regions, and the need for sustainable practices to mitigate future risks. As the nation mourned its losses, it also confronted the pressing necessity of building resilience against the stark realities of climate change and natural disasters.

Third decade (February 10, 2006, to February 9, 2017)

The Maguindanao massacre, also known as the Ampatuan massacre after the town where the mass graves were discovered, occurred on the morning of November 23, 2009, in the town of Ampatuan in Maguindanao del Sur province, Bangsamoro, Mindanao. This tragic event remains one of the most shocking instances of political violence in Philippine history. The 58 victims were on their way to file a certificate of candidacy for Esmael Mangudadatu, who was campaigning for the gubernatorial elections of 2010. The group included not only Mangudadatu’s wife and his two sisters but also their aides, lawyers, and journalists covering the event. The sheer brutality of the massacre ignited international outrage and brought issues of impunity, violence against journalists, and political assassinations in the Philippines to the forefront of global concern.

The massacre highlighted the intense political rivalry in the Philippines, particularly in Mindanao, where warlord culture has historically compromised the safety of individuals involved in politics. Following the assassination, the Philippines experienced increased scrutiny regarding its handling of political dissent and the ineffectiveness of the justice system in bringing perpetrators to justice. This incident catalyzed calls for reform and accountability within the Philippine government and its military apparatus, which had often been implicated in human rights abuses.

Overseas, during this tumultuous period, the United States elected its first African American President. On November 4, 2008, Senator Barack Obama of Illinois was elected president over Senator John McCain of Arizona in a landmark election widely regarded as a pivotal moment in American history. Obama's ascension to the presidency not only represented a significant step in race relations in the U.S. but also inspired hope for change in various sectors, including healthcare, foreign policy, and economic reform. As Obama was sworn in as the 44th president in January 2009, he faced numerous challenges, including an economic recession and the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. His administration implemented a variety of policies aimed at recovery, including the Affordable Care Act, which aimed to expand healthcare coverage to millions of Americans.

Throughout his presidency, Obama enjoyed relatively high approval ratings and made significant strides in reshaping U.S. domestic and foreign policies. His tenure was marked by efforts to improve relations with Cuba and Iran, alongside a resolute stance against terrorism. Ultimately, he was re-elected, securing a second term in the 2012 election, although his presidency faced increasing polarization in the political landscape as he headed towards the end of his second term.

September 19, 2006, marked a significant shift in Thai politics when the Royal Thai Army overthrew the government of Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra in a coup d'état. This military intervention was indicative of the country's long-standing political unrest and division, as Thaksin's administration had already faced condemnation for alleged corruption and authoritarianism. Following the coup, Thailand experienced a tumultuous political landscape, marked by protests and counter-protests as various factions vied for control over the government.

In the same month, on October 13, 2006, South Korean Ban Ki-moon was elected as the new Secretary General of the United Nations. His tenure would include navigating some of the most pressing global issues, such as climate change, international conflicts, and the crisis in Sudan. Ban Ki-moon emphasized the need for a multilateral approach to security and development, advocating for peacekeeping and humanitarian interventions.

November 5, 2006, marked another significant moment in history when former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, was sentenced to death by hanging by the Iraqi Special Tribunal. This verdict came after a lengthy trial that centered on Hussein's role in the massacre of 148 Iraqi Shi’ites in Dujail in 1982. The sentencing was emblematic of Iraq's contentious journey towards establishing the rule of law and accountability for past atrocities, although it also raised questions about the fairness of the judicial process and the ongoing sectarian violence in the country.

Shortly thereafter, on November 23, 2006, a series of car bombings and mortar attacks rattled Sadr City, Baghdad, claiming the lives of at least 215 people and injuring over 257 others. These violent events underscored the precarious security situation in post-invasion Iraq, revealing the challenges that both the Iraqi government and international forces faced in restoring stability.

Meanwhile, Typhoon Durian struck on November 30, 2006, triggering a catastrophic mudslide that claimed at least 720 lives in Albay, Philippines. The disaster showcased the vulnerability of communities to natural calamities, often exacerbated by inadequate disaster preparedness and response mechanisms. The government's handling of the aftermath led to debates on infrastructure improvement and resource allocation to vulnerable areas.

On December 30, 2006, former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was executed after being convicted of crimes against humanity. His death closed a grim chapter in Iraq’s history, leaving a mixed legacy of oppression and conflict, as the nation struggled to heal and rebuild after decades of war and upheaval.

January 13, 2007, saw the 12th ASEAN Summit held in Mandaue City, Cebu. This summit was significant for regional cooperation, addressing various challenges faced by Southeast Asian nations, including economic development, political stability, and environmental issues.

April 15, 2007, became memorable for boxing fans as Manny Pacquiao knocked out Mexican Jorge Solis in the eighth round, successfully retaining his WBC International Super Featherweight Championship at the Alamodome in San Antonio, Texas. This victory further cemented Pacquiao’s status as a global boxing icon and a source of national pride for the Philippines.

May 14, 2007, highlighted the political landscape in the Philippines with synchronized national and local elections that were critical for shaping local governance amid continuing challenges like corruption.

As the year progressed, July 11, 2007, would witness the brutal discovery that fourteen members of the Philippine Marines had been found beheaded after an encounter with Islamic rebels in Basilan. This incident again spotlighted the continuing conflict in the region, prompting government troops to mount offensive operations against Islamic militants, especially after a priest was kidnapped and was in danger.

The plight of the Communist Party of the Philippines also marked a turning point on August 28, 2007, when founding chairman Jose Maria Sison was arrested in Utrecht, Netherlands. His arrest raised critical discussions regarding the Philippines’ struggle with insurgency and the international implications of domestic political struggles.

A major political verdict occurred on September 12, 2007, when the Sandiganbayan convicted former President Joseph Estrada of plunder, sentencing him to reclusion perpetua while acquitting him of other charges. This marked a significant moment in Philippine politics, as it underscored the challenges and fallout that former leaders face post-empire.

October 6, 2007, brought a thrilling moment when Manny Pacquiao defeated Mexican Marco Antonio Barrera through unanimous decision, defending his WBC International Super Featherweight title once again at Mandalay Bay Resort in Las Vegas. Pacquiao’s continued success resonated in the Philippines, intertwining sports with national identity.

The explosion at Glorietta Mall in Makati City on October 19, 2007, which resulted in 11 deaths and injuries to at least 100 others, further heightened fears over public safety and terror threats, leading to intensified security measures throughout the country.

Finally, on October 26, 2007, a turn of fate as former President Joseph Estrada was pardoned and freed from jail after his trial. This unexpected development stirred public debate about justice, accountability, and the political ramifications of former leaders in the Philippines.

On November 29, 2007, a significant moment in military and political resistance occurred when military officers led by Senator Antonio Trillanes IV surrendered to government troops after a standoff at the Peninsula Manila in Makati City. This marked a notable moment in civil-military relations amidst a backdrop of political dissatisfaction. Such events illustrated the profound implications of governance and security in the broader narrative of the Philippines during this challenging decade.

Flag-raising rites honor the Thai king

NAKHON RATCHASIMA – The Southeast Asian nations, represented here by their athletes and officials, join the Thai people in honoring their much-revered monarch, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, on his 80th birthday during the flag-raising ceremony.

The regional neighbors pay respect to the Thai king closely after the flag-raising rites at the Athletes Village near the main venue, named His Majesty the King’s 80th Birthday Anniversary Stadium.

Flag-raising participants from other countries will be one with the Thai people wearing pink shirt during the exercise starting at 6 p.m.

About 200 Filipino athletes and officials attend the ceremony with PSC commissioner Richie Garcia, instead of chef de mission Congressman Monico Puentevella, doing the honors of raising the Philippine flag at about 6:30 p.m.

At around 7:30 p.m. with the flags of all Asean nations having been raised, lights throughout the country will be turned off. Candlelights will then illuminate the entire country as the Thai people honor the king.

Thailand is now enveloped with the pink color after the King’s emergence from the hospital last June in a smart pink jacket.

“Everyone except the chefs de mission will be in pink.

We’re joining the Thai people in honoring His Majesty,” Garcia told the STAR.

The grand SEAG opening ceremonies tomorrow will be another highlight of the King Bhumibol’s birthday celebration.

The work of the same show organizer who put up the openers in the 1995 Chiang Mai SEAG and the 1998 Bangkok Asiad, the grand show features a cast of over 8,000 celebrating the 80th birthday of the King, showing off the beauty of the province, and depicting the cultures of the participating nations.

Crown Prince Maha Vajiralongkorn presided over the grand opening, while Princess Sirivannavari Nariratana led the 1,141-strong Thai contingent during the march past.

The ninth King of the Chakri Dynasty is the world’s longest-reigning monarch. He has also broken all the records of his predecessors in the Chakri Dynasty. He has outlived all the previous Chakri kings. King Rama I, who founded Bangkok as the new capital in 1782, lived the second longest until 72 years of age.

King Bhumibol has also reigned on the throne longer than any previous Chakri king. King Chulalongkorn, the King’s grandfather, reigned for 42 years before passing away, leaving behind a legacy of sweeping legal and administrative reforms that set the stage for Siam to emerge as a modern state.

The special A Time for Heroes started on December 6, 2007, at 4 a.m. as a 9-day broadcast. The live coverage begins with the special editions of Gising Pilipinas, Todo Balita, and Umagang Kay Ganda on ABS-CBN, while on GMA, it airs the replays of public affairs shows, followed by the special edition of Unang Hirit, then regular programming continues until 6:30 p.m., with the special edition of 24 Oras followed by the opening ceremonies at 8 p.m.

The Philippines' performance was its best ever yet in Southeast Asian Games history, emerging as the overall champion of the games in 2005. The Philippines has a delegation of 620 athletes, who participated in 41 different events.

The ceremony will take place at seven in the evening, Nakhon Ratchasima time. But the Philippines is one hour ahead of Thailand, by the international time belts, so it will come to us — live, by satellite television — from 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. on Thursday evening.

The entire ceremony will be televised, live, while it is actually happening in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, over the Associated Broadcasting Company (ABC) Channel 5 in Metro Manila. It will be seen simultaneously on over 46 ABC television stations:

• Channel 2 Laoag
• Channel 28 Baguio
• Channel 40 Pampanga
• Channel 32 Bacolod
• Channel 21 Cebu
• Channel 8 Cagayan de Oro
• Channel 2 Davao
• Channel 12 General Santos

Affiliate Stations:

• Channel 32 Vigan
• Channel 25 Tuguegarao
• Channel 25 Santiago
• Channel 5 Aparri
• Channel 13 Mt. Province
• Channel 24 Baler
• Channel 24 Tarlac
• Channel 22 Olongapo
• DTV-27 Bulacan
• Channel 44 Batangas
• Channel 9 Puerto Princesa, Palawan
• Channel 41 Marinduque
• Channel 6 Occidental Mindoro
• Channel 50 Oriental Mindoro
• Channel 30 Catanduanes
• Channel 22 Naga
• Channel 6 Legazpi
• Channel 11 Sorsogon
• Channel 28 Daet
• Channel 25 Aklan
• Channel 33 Roxas
• Channel 36/DTV-16 Iloilo
• Channel 2 Dumaguete
• Channel 7 Tagbilaran
• Channel 40 Tacloban
• Channel 30 Borongan
• Channel 7 Catarman
• Channel 34 Malaybalay
• Channel 48 Oroquieta
• Channel 8 Iligan
• Channel 5 Pagadian
• Channel 8 Dipolog
• Channel 5 Surigao
• Channel 32 Butuan
• Channel 28 Tandag
• Channel 10 Marawi
• Channel 10 Cotabato
• Channel 11/DTV-40 Zamboanga

ABC is affiliated with 32 Cable Stations in Luzon, 14 in the Visayas, and 14 in Mindanao.

The opening ceremony, which is divided into eight segments, was held on 6 December 2007 at 7 p.m. (8 p.m. local time) at the 80th birthday stadium.